Ke hoʻololi nui nei ka ʻōnaehana uila o ʻAmelika i kona neʻe ʻana mai nā wahie fossil i ka ikehu hou.ʻOiai ʻo ka makahiki mua o ka makahiki 2000 i ʻike i ka ulu nui ʻana o ka hana kinoea maoli, a ʻo ka 2010s he ʻumi makahiki o ka makani a me ka lā, ʻo nā hōʻailona mua e hōʻike ana i ka hana hou o nā 2020s he boom i nā mea kanu mana "hybrid".
Hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea mana hybrid maʻamau i ka hana uila me ka waiho ʻana i nā pākaukau ma kahi like.ʻO ia ka manaʻo pinepine i kahi mahiʻai lā a i ʻole makani i hoʻohui ʻia me nā pākaukau nui.Ma ka hana pū ʻana, hiki i nā panela solar a me ka waiho ʻana i nā pākaukau ke hana i ka mana hou i ka wā e piʻi ai ka ikehu o ka lā i ka lā a laila hoʻokuʻu iā ia e like me ka mea e pono ai ma hope o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā.
ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka mana a me nā papahana mālama i ka pipeline hoʻomohala e hāʻawi i kahi ʻike o ka mana hybrid e hiki mai ana.
ʻO kā mākou huima Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ua ʻike ʻia he mea kupanaha1,400 gigawattso nā papahana hoʻomohala i manaʻo ʻia a me ka mālama ʻana ua noi aku e hoʻopili i ka mānoanoa - ʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea kanu mana US āpau i hui pū ʻia.ʻO ka hui nui loa i kēia manawa nā papahana solar, a ma luna o ka hapakolu o ia mau papahana e pili ana i ka hybrid solar a me ka waiho ʻana i nā pākaukau.
ʻOiai hāʻawi kēia mau mea mana o ka wā e hiki mai ana nā pōmaikaʻi he nui, ʻo lākou pū kekahihāpai i nā nīnaue pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hana maikaʻi ʻana o ka pā uila.
No ke aha i wela ai nā hybrids
I ka ulu ʻana o ka makani a me ka lā, hoʻomaka lākou e loaʻa nā hopena nui ma ka pā.
Ka mana o ka lāʻoi aku ma mua o 25%o ka hana mana makahiki ma Kaleponi a ke laha wikiwiki nei ma nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe e like me Texas, Florida a me Georgia.Ua ʻike ʻia ka "puʻi makani", mai Dakota a Texaska hoʻokomo nui ʻana o nā turbine makani, me Iowa i kēia manawa e loaʻa ana ka hapa nui o kona mana mai ka makani.
Ke hāpai nei kēia pākēneka kiʻekiʻe o ka mana hou i kahi nīnau: Pehea mākou e hoʻohui ai i nā kumuwaiwai hou e hoʻopuka ai i ka mana nui akā ʻokoʻa i ka lā?
Ma laila e komo ai ka waihona. Loaʻa nā kumukūʻai pākaukau Lithium-ionhāʻule kokeʻoiai ua piʻi ka hana no ka mākeke kaʻa uila i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.ʻOiai aia nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ananā pilikia kaulahao lako, e ulu ana ka hoʻolālā pākaukau.
ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka lā a me nā pila e hiki ai i nā mea kanu hybrid ke hāʻawi i ka mana ma o nā hola koʻikoʻi i ka wā e ikaika ai ka noi, e like me nā ahiahi kauwela a me nā ahiahi i ka wā e holo ana nā ea ea.Kōkua pū nā ʻaʻa i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka hana ʻana mai ka makani a me ka mana o ka lā, e mālama i ka mana keu i hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia, a e hōʻemi i ka paʻa ʻana ma ka pā.
ʻO nā Hybrids ka mana o ka pipeline papahana
I ka hopena o 2020, aia he 73 solar a me 16 wind hybrid projects e hana ana ma US, he 2.5 gigawatts o ka hanauna a me 0.45 gigawatts o ka mālama.
I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka lā a me nā hybrids i ka pipeline hoʻomohala.Ma ka hopena o 2021, ʻoi aku ma mua o675 gigawatts o ka lā i manaʻo ʻiaua noi nā mea kanu no ka ʻae ʻana i ka pilina pili pūnaewele, me ka hapakolu o lākou i hui pū ʻia me ka waiho ʻana.ʻO kekahi 247 gigawatts o nā mahiʻai makani ma ka laina, me 19 gigawatts, a i ʻole 8% o ia mau mea, he hybrids.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka noi ʻana i kahi pilina hoʻokahi wale nō kaʻina i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi mana.Pono ka mea hoʻomohala i nā ʻaelike ʻāina a me ke kaiāulu, kahi ʻaelike kūʻai, kālā a me nā ʻae.Hoʻokahi wale nō i loko o ʻehā mau mea kanu hou i manaʻo ʻia ma waena o 2010 a me 2016 i hana i ka hana ʻoihana.Akā ʻo ka hohonu o ka hoihoi i nā mea kanu hybrid e hōʻike ana i ka ulu ikaika.
Ma nā mākeke e like me Kaleponi, pono pono nā pākaukau no nā mea hoʻomohala lā hou.No ka mea, ʻike pinepine ka lā i kaka nui o ka manama ka makeke o ke ao, ke kukulu hou aku i ka waiwai uuku.I kēia manawa ʻo 95% o nā mana nui o ka lā i manaʻo ʻia ma ka pila Kaleponi e hele mai me nā pihi.
5 mau haʻawina e pili ana i nā hybrids a me nā nīnau no ka wā e hiki mai ana
ʻO ka manawa kūpono no ka ulu ʻana i nā hybrids hiki ke ʻike nui ʻia, akā ke hāpai nei i kekahi mau nīnaukā mākou huima Berkeley Lab ke noiʻi nei.
Eia kekahi o kā mākounā ʻike kiʻekiʻe:
Uku ka waiwai i na wahi he nui.Ua ʻike mākou ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā pākahi i kahi mea kanu mana lā e hoʻonui ai i ke kumukūʻai, hoʻonui pū ia i ka waiwai o ka mana.ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka hanauna a me ka waiho ʻana i ka wahi like hiki ke hopu i nā pōmaikaʻi mai nā hōʻaiʻē ʻauhau, ka mālama ʻana i nā kumukūʻai kūkulu a me ka maʻalahi o ka hana.Ke nānā nei i ka loaʻa kālā i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, a me ke kōkua o nā hōʻaiʻē ʻauhau federal, ʻike ʻia ka waiwai hoʻohui e hōʻoia i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO kahi hui pū ʻo ia hoʻi nā tradeoffs.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka makani a me ka lā ma kahi o ka makani a me nā kumuwaiwai lā, akā hāʻawi nā pākaukau i ka waiwai nui loa kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hāʻawi i nā pōmaikaʻi nui loa, e like me ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka paʻa.ʻO ia hoʻi, aia nā kālepa i ka wā e hoʻoholo ai i kahi maikaʻi loa me ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe.ʻO nā hōʻaiʻē ʻauhau Federal hiki ke loaʻa ke loaʻa wale i ka wā e hui pū ʻia ai nā pākaukau me ka lā hiki ke hoʻoikaika i nā hoʻoholo suboptimal i kekahi mau hihia.
ʻAʻohe hui maikaʻi loa.Hoʻoholo ʻia ka waiwai o kahi mea kanu hybrid ma ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea hana.No ka laʻana, hiki i ka nui o ka pākaukau e pili ana i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe solar ke hoʻoholo i ke ahiahi hiki i ka mea kanu ke hāʻawi i ka mana.Akā ʻo ka waiwai o ka mana pō e pili ana i nā kūlana mākeke kūloko, e loli ana i ka makahiki.
Pono e ulu nā lula mākeke mana.Hiki i nā Hybrids ke komo i ka mākeke mana ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana hoʻokahi a i ʻole he ʻano ʻokoʻa, me ke koho kūʻokoʻa o ka lā a me ka waiho ʻana.Hiki i nā Hybrids ke kūʻai aku a kūʻai paha i ka mana, a i ʻole nā mea ʻelua.Hiki ke paʻakikī kēlā.Ke ulu mau nei nā lula komo mākeke no nā hybrids, e waiho ana i nā mea kanu mea kanu e hoʻokolohua me ke ʻano o kā lākou kūʻai ʻana i kā lākou lawelawe.
Hoʻokumu nā hybrids liʻiliʻi i nā manawa hou:Hiki ke liʻiliʻi nā mea kanu mana Hybrid, e like me ka lā a me nā pihi ma kahi home a ʻoihana paha.PeneiUa lilo nā hybrids i mea maʻamau ma Hawaiʻie like me ka mana o ka lā e hoʻopiha i ka pā.Ma Kaleponi, ʻo nā mea kūʻai aku i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mana pani e pale aku i nā ahi ahi e hoʻonui i ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou ʻōnaehana solar.ʻO kēia mau mea"ma hope o ka mika" hybridse hāpai i nā nīnau e pili ana i ka waiwai o lākou, a pehea e hiki ai iā lākou ke hāʻawi aku i nā hana mānoanoa.
Ke hoʻomaka nei nā Hybrids, akā nui nā mea hou aʻe ma ke ala.Pono ka noiʻi hou aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻenehana, nā hoʻolālā mākeke a me nā hoʻoponopono e hōʻoia i ka ulu ʻana o ke kumukūʻai a me ka pākuʻi me lākou.
ʻOiai e mau ana nā nīnau, ua maopopo ka wehewehe hou ʻana o nā hybrids i nā mea kanu mana.A hiki iā lākou ke hana hou i ka ʻōnaehana mana US ma ke kaʻina hana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-23-2022