He aha nā pākahi lithium a pehea e hana ai?

He aha nā pākahi lithium ion, he aha nā mea i hana ʻia a he aha nā pōmaikaʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻenehana mālama ʻana i nā pākaukau?

Ua noi mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1970 a ua hoʻopuka ʻia e Sony i ka makahiki 1991, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pākahi lithium i nā kelepona paʻalima, nā mokulele a me nā kaʻa.ʻOiai he nui nā pōmaikaʻi i alakaʻi iā lākou i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka kūleʻa i ka ʻoihana ikehu, loaʻa i nā pākahi lithium ion kekahi mau drawbacks a he kumuhana e hoʻopuka nui i nā kūkākūkā.

Akā he aha ke ʻano o nā pākahi lithium a pehea lākou e hana ai?

He aha ke ʻano o nā pākahi lithium?

Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pākaukau lithium i ʻehā mau mea nui.Loaʻa iā ia ka cathode, ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka hiki a me ka voltage o ka pākaukau a ʻo ia ke kumu o nā ion lithium.Hiki i ka anode ke holo i ke au uila ma kahi kaapuni o waho a i ka wā e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ai ka pākaukau, mālama ʻia nā ion lithium i loko o ka anode.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka electrolyte i nā paʻakai, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me nā mea hoʻohui, a lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano o nā ion lithium ma waena o ka cathode a me ka anode.ʻO ka hope, aia ka mea hoʻokaʻawale, ka pale kino e hoʻokaʻawale i ka cathode a me ka anode.

ʻO nā mea maikaʻi a me nā pōʻino o nā pākahi lithium

ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pākahi Lithium ma mua o nā pākahi ʻē aʻe.Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i ka 150 watt-hours (WH) o ka ikehu no ka kilo (kg), i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻeke nickel-metal hydride ma 60-70WH/kg a me nā mea waikawa alakaʻi ma 25WH/kg.

He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ko lākou hoʻokuʻu ʻana ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e nalowale ana ma kahi o 5% o kā lākou uku i hoʻokahi mahina i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pā nickel-cadmium (NiMH) i nalowale 20% i hoʻokahi mahina.

Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa pū i nā ʻeke lithium kahi electrolyte hiki ke hoʻoulu i ke ahi pākaukau liʻiliʻi.ʻO ia ka mea i hoʻomaka ai i ka hoʻopau ʻana o nā kelepona ʻo Samsung Note 7, ka mea i koi iā Samsung e ʻoki i ka hana alilo $26bn ma ka waiwai kuai.Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia i nā pākahi lithium nui.

ʻOi aku ke kumu kūʻai o nā pākahi Lithium-ion no ka mea hiki ke kūʻai kokoke ʻO 40% ʻoi aʻe e hana ma mua o nā pākaukau nickel-cadmium.

Nā mea hoʻokūkū

Ke alo nei ka Lithium-ion i ka hoʻokūkū mai nā ʻenehana ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea aia i kahi pae hoʻomohala.ʻO kekahi o ia mau ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia nā ʻeke wai paʻakai.

Ma lalo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana e Aquion Energy, ua hoʻokumu ʻia lākou me ka wai paʻakai, manganese oxide a me ka pulupulu e hana i kahi mea i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā mea waiwai, nontoxic a me nā ʻenehana hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hou.'Ma muli o kēia, ʻo lākou wale nō nā pākahi o ka honua i hōʻoia ʻia i ka cradle-to-cradle.

E like me ka ʻenehana o Aquion, hoʻohana ʻo AquaBattery's 'Blue Battery' i ka hui ʻana o ka paʻakai a me ka wai maʻemaʻe e kahe ana ma nā membrane e mālama i ka ikehu.ʻO nā ʻano pākaukau ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka Bristol Robotics Laboratory's urine-powered batteries and University of California Riverside's lithium ion battery e hoʻohana ana i ke one ma mua o ka graphite no ka anode, e alakaʻi ana i kahi pākaukau ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ke kūlana ʻoihana.