Ike anyanwụ bụ teknụzụ dị oke egwu maka ọtụtụ mba na-achọ ibelata ikuku sitere na ngalaba ike ha, ma arụnyere ikike zuru ụwa ọnụ dị njikere maka uto ndekọ n'ime afọ ndị na-abịa.
Nrụnye ọkụ anyanwụ na-abawanye ngwa ngwa gburugburu ụwa ka mba na-agbali mbọ ike ume ọhụrụ ha na-anwa ibelata ikuku carbon sitere na ọgbọ ọkụ eletrik.
Tinyere ikuku, fotovoltaic anyanwụ (PV) bụ nke kachasị guzobe nke teknụzụ ume ọkụ dị ala, na ka ọ na-etolite n'ọtụtụ, ọnụahịa nke mmepe na-agbada.
Mkpokọta ike arụnyere na njedebe nke 2019 ruru ihe dị ka gigawatts 627 (GW) n'ụwa niile.
Dị ka International Energy Agency (IEA) si kwuo, anyanwụ na-aga n'ihu ịtọ ndekọ maka mbugharị ụwa ọhụrụ kwa afọ ka 2022 gachara, yana nkezi nke 125 GW nke ikike ọhụrụ na-atụ anya n'ụwa niile n'etiti 2021 na 2025.
Ọgbọ PV nke anyanwụ mụbara 22% na 2019, wee nọchite anya uto ọgbọ nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu nke teknụzụ niile enwere ike imeghari, ntakịrị n'azụ ifufe na n'ihu ike mmiri, ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ siri kwuo.
Na 2020, e mere atụmatụ 107 GW nke ike anyanwụ agbakwunyere na ntanetị gburugburu ụwa, yana 117 GW na-atụ anya na 2021.
China dị mfe n'ụwa kachasị ahịa maka ike anyanwụ, yana ka mba ahụ na-etolite atụmatụ iji kwụsị ikuku carbon ya tupu 2060, ọrụ nwere ike ịbawanye ngwa ngwa n'ime iri afọ ndị na-abịanụ.
Mana mpaghara gburugburu ụwa na-agbakwa mbọ ike ike anyanwụ, ebe a anyị na-akọwapụta mba ise kachasị elu n'ihe gbasara ikike arụnyere dị ka nke 2019.
Mba ise kacha elu maka ike ike anyanwụ na 2019
1. China - 205 GW
China na-anya isi ụgbọ mmiri ike anyanwụ kachasị arụnyere n'ụwa, tụrụ na 205 GW na 2019, dịka akụkọ IEA's Renewables 2020 si kwuo.
N'otu afọ ahụ, mmepụta ike sitere na ike anyanwụ ruru awa 223.8 terawatt (TWh) na mba ahụ.
N'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ onye na-ebuputa elu n'ụwa, oke akụ na ụba China pụtara na ọ bụ nnukwu mkpa ike na-enwe ike ịnabata ma coal kasị ukwuu n'ụwa na ụgbọ mmiri enwere ike imeghari.
Enyemaka gọọmentị kpalitere ọrụ na ngalaba ahụ n'oge ngwụcha afọ 2010, ọ bụ ezie na ewepụla enyemaka maka ọrụ azụmahịa ugbu a iji kwado ụdị asọmpi asọmpi.
Otu nnukwu ọrụ anyanwụ na China bụ Huanghe Hydropower Hainan Solar Park (2.2 GW) na mpaghara Qinghai.
2. United States - 76 GW
US nwere ikike anyanwụ arụnyere nke abụọ kachasị n'ụwa na 2019, na-agbakọta 76 GW ma na-emepụta 93.1 TWh nke ọkụ eletrik.
N'ime afọ iri na-abịanụ, a na-ebu amụma nrụnye anyanwụ US ga-eru gburugburu 419 GW ka mba ahụ na-emewanye mbọ ike ya dị ọcha na mbọ iji mebie sistemu ike ya n'ụzọ zuru ezu site na 2035.
Ọrụ bara uru na-achịkwa ụlọ ọrụ anyanwụ US, yana California, Texas, Florida na Virginia n'etiti steeti kachasị arụ ọrụ na ahịa ụlọ.
Isi ihe na-ebuwanye ibu na US bụ ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ Pọtụfoliyo a na-emegharịgharị (RPS) nke na-amanye ndị na-ere ahịa ume ịnye pasentị ọkụ eletrik sitere na isi mmalite ndị enwere ike imeghari.Ọnụ ego mwepu nke mbugharị na kredit ụtụ dị mkpa akwalitewokwa uto n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.
3. Japan - 63.2 GW
Japan nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ n'etiti mba ndị nwere ike ike anyanwụ kachasị ukwuu, yana ụgbọ mmiri na-agbakọta 63.2 GW na 2019, dịka data IEA siri kwuo, na-emepụta 74.1 TWh nke ọkụ eletrik.
Isi mmalite nke ike dị ka anyanwụ na ihe ndị ọzọ a na-emegharị emegharị aghọọla ewu ewu kemgbe ọdachi nuklia Fukushima na 2011, nke mere ka mba ahụ belata nke ukwuu ọrụ ya na ike nuklia.
Japan ejirila atụmatụ nri-in-tarifu (FiT) kpalie ibunye teknụzụ nke anyanwụ ka ọ nwee mmetụta dị mma, agbanyeghị na ahịa PV anyanwụ ga-ebelata ntakịrị n'ime afọ ndị na-abịa.
A na-atụ anya na mgbakwunye PV Japanese ga-amalite na 2022, tumadi n'ihi nkwụsị nke atụmatụ FiT na-emesapụ aka maka nnukwu ọrụ yana ikike enweghị aha n'ahịa ahịa gara aga, IEA kwuru.
Ka o sina dị, ike anyanwụ arụnyere na Japan nwere ike ịbịaru 100 GW site na 2025 dabere na atumatu gọọmentị na mbelata ọnụ ahịa.
4. Germany - 49.2 GW
Germany bụ obodo na-eduga na Europe maka mbugharị anyanwụ, yana ụgbọ mmiri mba na-agbakọta gburugburu 49.2 GW na 2019, na-ewepụta ọkụ eletrik 47.5 TWh.
Azụ ahịa asọmpi akwalitela ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, gọọmentị German tụrụ aro ka ịbawanye ebumnuche ntinye anyanwụ nke 2030 na 100 GW ka ọ na-elekwasị anya na 65% òkè nke mmeghari ohuru na ngwakọta ike ya na njedebe nke afọ iri.
A na-ahụkarị nrụnye dị obere, nke onwe na Germany, nke usoro nkwado gọọmentị na-akpali dị ka ụgwọ ọrụ maka oke ọgbọ, ebe a na-atụ anya na ọrụ bara uru ga-eto n'afọ ndị na-abịa.
Ọrụ anwụ kachasị ukwuu nke obodo ahụ ruo ugbu a bụ akụrụngwa Weesow-Willmersdorf 187-megawatt (MW) n'ebe ugwu-ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Berlin, nke ụlọ ọrụ German EnBW mebere.
5. India - 38 GW
India nwere ikike anyanwụ arụnyere n'ụwa nke ise kachasị ukwuu, na-agbakọta 38 GW na 2019, yana imepụta ọkụ eletrik 54 TWh.
A na-atụ anya agụụ ike n'ofe India ka ọ ga-eto karịa mpaghara ọ bụla n'ime iri afọ ndị na-abịanụ yana, dị ka ikuku carbon nke atọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa, a na-emepụta amụma iji wepụ obodo ahụ pụọ na mmanụ ọkụ dị ka coal iji kwado mmeghari ohuru.
Ebumnuche gọọmentị gụnyere 450 GW nke ikike ume ọhụrụ site na 2030, a na-atụkwa anya na anyanwụ ga-abụ isi na ebumnuche a.
Ka ọ na-erule 2040, IEA na-atụ anya ka anyanwụ jide ihe dị ka 31% ike ngwakọta ike India n'okpuru ebumnuche amụma ekwuputara ugbu a, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe na-erughị 4% taa.
Agencylọ ọrụ ahụ zoro aka na "ịsọmpi ọnụ ahịa pụrụ iche nke anyanwụ" na India dị ka ihe na-eme mgbanwe a, "nke na-asọmpi ike ọkụ ọkụ dị ugbu a site na 2030 ọbụlagodi mgbe ejikọtara ya na nchekwa batrị".
Ka o sina dị, ọ ga-adị mkpa ka e dozie mkpọmkpọ mbufe-grid na ihe ịma aka inweta ala iji mee ka mmepe ahịa ike anyanwụ India dịkwuo elu n'afọ ndị na-abịanụ.
Oge nzipu: Jun-07-2022