Dongosolo la mphamvu zamagetsi ku America likusintha kwambiri pomwe likusintha kuchoka pamafuta oyambira kupita ku mphamvu zongowonjezera.Ngakhale zaka khumi zoyambirira za m'ma 2000 zidakula kwambiri pakutulutsa mpweya wachilengedwe, ndipo zaka za 2010 zinali zaka khumi za mphepo ndi dzuŵa, zizindikiro zoyamba zikuwonetsa kuti zatsopano za 2020s zitha kukhala zochulukira m'mafakitale amagetsi a "hybrid".
Makina opangira magetsi osakanizidwa amaphatikiza kupanga magetsi ndi kusungirako mabatire pamalo amodzi.Izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza famu ya dzuwa kapena mphepo yophatikizidwa ndi mabatire akuluakulu.Kugwira ntchito limodzi, ma solar panels ndi kusungirako batire kumatha kupanga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso mphamvu yadzuwa ikafika pachimake masana ndikumasula ngati pakufunika dzuwa likamalowa.
Kuyang'ana mapulojekiti amagetsi ndi kusungirako paipi yachitukuko kumapereka chithunzithunzi cha tsogolo la mphamvu zosakanizidwa.
Gulu lathuku Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory anapeza kuti ndizodabwitsa1,400 gigawattsMapulojekiti opangidwa ndi kusungirako omwe akufuna kuti alumikizane ndi gridi - kuposa mafakitole onse amagetsi a US omwe aphatikizidwa.Gulu lalikulu kwambiri tsopano ndi mapulojekiti adzuwa, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mapulojekitiwa akuphatikiza ma hybrid solar kuphatikiza mabatire.
Ngakhale zomera zamphamvu izi zamtsogolo zimapereka zabwino zambiri, nazonsofunsani mafunsoza momwe gululi lamagetsi liyenera kugwiritsidwira ntchito bwino.
Chifukwa chiyani ma hybrids ndi otentha
Pamene mphepo ndi dzuwa zikukula, zikuyamba kukhala ndi zotsatira zazikulu pa gridi.
Mphamvu yadzuwa kalekuposa 25%ya kupanga magetsi pachaka ku California ndipo ikufalikira mwachangu m'maiko ena monga Texas, Florida ndi Georgia."Lamba wamphepo" akuti, kuchokera ku Dakotas kupita ku Texas, awonakutumizidwa kwakukulu kwa ma turbine amphepo, ndi Iowa tsopano ikupeza mphamvu zake zambiri kuchokera ku mphepo.
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zongowonjezedwaku kumabweretsa funso: Kodi timaphatikizira bwanji magwero ongowonjezedwanso omwe amatulutsa mphamvu zazikulu koma zosiyanasiyana tsiku lonse?
Ndipamene kusungirako kumabwera. Mitengo ya batri ya Lithium-ion ili nayokugwa mofulumirapopeza kupanga kwakwera pamsika wamagalimoto amagetsi m'zaka zaposachedwa.Ngakhale pali nkhawa za m'tsogolozovuta zapaintaneti, mapangidwe a batri nawonso akuyenera kusinthika.
Kuphatikizika kwa dzuwa ndi mabatire kumalola oyendetsa zomera zosakanizidwa kuti apereke mphamvu kupyolera mu maola ofunika kwambiri pamene kufunikira kuli kolimba, monga masana ndi madzulo pamene ma air conditioners akuyenda pamwamba.Mabatire amathandizanso kusalaza kupanga kuchokera ku mphepo ndi mphamvu yadzuwa, kusunga mphamvu zochulukirapo zomwe zikadachepetsedwa, komanso kuchepetsa kuchulukana pagululi.
Ma hybrids amalamulira payipi ya projekiti
Kumapeto kwa 2020, panali ma projekiti 73 a solar ndi 16 osakanizidwa amphepo omwe akugwira ntchito ku US, okwana 2.5 gigawatts of generation ndi 0.45 gigawatts yosungirako.
Masiku ano, ma solar ndi ma hybrids amalamulira payipi yachitukuko.Pofika kumapeto kwa 2021, kuposa675 gigawatts wakufuna dzuwaZomera zidafunsira kuti zivomerezedwe kuti zilumikizidwe ndi gridi, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse adalumikizidwa ndi zosungira.Ma gigawati ena 247 a mafamu amphepo anali pamzere, ndi ma gigawati 19, kapena pafupifupi 8% ya amenewo, ngati ma hybrids.
Inde, kupempha kuti agwirizane ndi sitepe imodzi yokha popanga makina opangira magetsi.Wopanga mapulogalamu amafunikiranso mapangano a malo ndi ammudzi, mgwirizano wogulitsa, ndalama ndi zilolezo.Pafupifupi mbewu imodzi yokha mwa zinayi zatsopano zomwe zaperekedwa pakati pa 2010 ndi 2016 zidapangitsa kuti zigwire ntchito zamalonda.Koma kuzama kwa chidwi ndi zomera zosakanizidwa kumasonyeza kukula kwakukulu.
M'misika ngati California, mabatire ndi ofunikira kwa opanga ma solar atsopano.Popeza solar nthawi zambiri amawerengeramphamvu zambirimumsika wamasana, kumanga zambiri kumawonjezera mtengo wochepa.Pakadali pano 95% ya mphamvu zonse zazikulu zoyendera dzuwa pamzere waku California zimabwera ndi mabatire.
Maphunziro 5 pa ma hybrids ndi mafunso amtsogolo
Mwayi wa kukula kwa ma hybrids ongowonjezedwanso ndiwambiri, koma zimadzutsa mafunso enagulu lathuku Berkeley Lab wakhala akufufuza.
Nawa ena mwathuzopeza zapamwamba:
Ndalamazo zimalipira m'madera ambiri.Tinapeza kuti pamene kuwonjezera mabatire kumalo opangira magetsi a dzuwa kumawonjezera mtengo, kumawonjezeranso mtengo wa mphamvu.Kuyika kupanga ndi kusunga pamalo amodzi kumatha kutenga phindu kuchokera ku ngongole zamisonkho, kupulumutsa mtengo wa zomangamanga ndi kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito.Kuyang'ana ndalama zomwe zingatheke m'zaka zaposachedwa, komanso mothandizidwa ndi misonkho ya federal, mtengo wowonjezera ukuwoneka kuti ulungamitsa mtengo wapamwamba.
Co-location amatanthauzanso tradeoffs.Mphepo ndi dzuwa zimagwira bwino ntchito pomwe mphepo ndi zida zadzuwa zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri, koma mabatire amapereka phindu lalikulu komwe angapereke phindu lalikulu kwambiri la gridi, monga kuthetsa kupsinjika.Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali zotsatsa posankha malo abwino kwambiri okhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri.Malipiro amisonkho a federal omwe amatha kupezedwa pokhapokha mabatire atapezeka ndi solar atha kulimbikitsa zisankho zocheperako nthawi zina.
Palibe kuphatikiza kwabwino kwambiri.Mtengo wa chomera chosakanizidwa umatsimikiziridwa mwa gawo ndi kasinthidwe ka zida.Mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa batire yokhudzana ndi jenereta ya solar kumatha kudziwa kuti madzulo chomeracho chingapereke mphamvu bwanji.Koma mtengo wa mphamvu yausiku umadalira pamisika yamsika, yomwe imasintha chaka chonse.
Malamulo a msika wamagetsi amayenera kusintha.Ma Hybrid atha kutenga nawo gawo pamsika wamagetsi ngati gawo limodzi kapena ngati mabungwe osiyana, ndi kuyitanitsa kwa solar ndi kosungirako modziyimira pawokha.Ma Hybrid amathanso kukhala ogulitsa kapena ogula mphamvu, kapena onse awiri.Izi zitha kukhala zovuta.Malamulo otenga nawo gawo pamsika a ma hybrids akadali kusintha, zomwe zimasiya ogwira ntchito kumitengo kuyesa momwe amagulitsira ntchito zawo.
Ma hybrids ang'onoang'ono amapanga mwayi watsopano:Zopangira magetsi zosakanikirana zithanso kukhala zazing'ono, monga solar ndi mabatire mnyumba kapena bizinesi.Choterohybrids akhala muyezo ku Hawaiimonga mphamvu ya dzuwa imadzaza gridi.Ku California, makasitomala omwe amazimitsa magetsi kuti apewe moto wolusa akuwonjezera kusungirako ma solar awo.Izi"kumbuyo kwa mita" ma hybridsfunsani mafunso okhudza momwe ayenera kuyamikiridwa, ndi momwe angathandizire pa ntchito ya gridi.
Ma hybrids akungoyamba kumene, koma zambiri zili m'njira.Kafukufuku wochulukirapo akufunika paukadaulo, mapangidwe amsika ndi malamulo kuti awonetsetse kuti mitengo ya gridi ndi gridi ikusintha nawo.
Ngakhale mafunso akadalipo, zikuwonekeratu kuti ma hybrids akutanthauziranso magetsi.Ndipo atha kukonzanso dongosolo lamphamvu la US pochita izi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-23-2022