Kodi mabatire a lithiamu ndi chiyani ndipo amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Kodi mabatire a lithiamu ion ndi chiyani, amapangidwa ndi chiyani ndipo phindu lake ndi lotani poyerekeza ndi matekinoloje ena osungira mabatire?

Choyamba chomwe chinaperekedwa m'zaka za m'ma 1970 ndikugulitsidwa ndi Sony mu 1991, mabatire a lithiamu tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafoni a m'manja, ndege ndi magalimoto.Ngakhale zabwino zingapo zomwe zawapangitsa kuti achuluke bwino mumakampani opanga magetsi, mabatire a lithiamu ion ali ndi zovuta zina ndipo ndi mutu womwe umayambitsa kukambirana kwambiri.

Koma kodi mabatire a lithiamu ndi chiyani ndipo amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Kodi mabatire a lithiamu amapangidwa ndi chiyani?

Batri ya lithiamu imapangidwa ndi zigawo zinayi zofunika.Ili ndi cathode, yomwe imatsimikizira mphamvu ndi magetsi a batri ndipo ndi gwero la ayoni a lithiamu.Anode imathandizira kuti magetsi aziyenda kudzera mudera lakunja ndipo batire ikaperekedwa, ma lithiamu ion amasungidwa mu anode.

Electrolyte imapangidwa ndi mchere, zosungunulira ndi zowonjezera, ndipo imakhala ngati ngalande ya ayoni ya lithiamu pakati pa cathode ndi anode.Pomaliza pali cholekanitsa, chotchinga chakuthupi chomwe chimasunga cathode ndi anode padera.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mabatire a lithiamu

Mabatire a lithiamu ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa mabatire ena.Atha kukhala ndi mphamvu yofikira mawatt 150 (WH) pa kilogalamu (kg), poyerekeza ndi mabatire a nickel-metal hydride pa 60-70WH/kg ndi a lead acid pa 25WH/kg.

Amakhalanso ndi chiwongola dzanja chochepa kuposa ena, kutaya pafupifupi 5% ya malipiro awo mwezi umodzi poyerekeza ndi mabatire a nickel-cadmium (NiMH) omwe amataya 20% pamwezi.

Komabe, mabatire a lithiamu amakhalanso ndi electrolyte yoyaka yomwe imatha kuyambitsa moto wa batri yaying'ono.Izi ndi zomwe zidayambitsa kuyaka kwa foni yam'manja ya Samsung Note 7, zomwe zidakakamiza Samsung kusiya kupanga ndikusiya kupanga.kutaya $26bn pamtengo wamsika.Tiyenera kudziwa kuti izi sizinachitike ku mabatire akuluakulu a lithiamu.

Mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi okwera mtengo kupanga, chifukwa amatha kuwononga pafupifupi 40% yochulukirapo kuposa mabatire a nickel-cadmium.

Opikisana nawo

Lithium-ion imayang'anizana ndi mpikisano kuchokera kumitundu ingapo yaukadaulo wa batri, ambiri omwe ali pachitukuko.Imodzi mwa njira zoterezi ndi mabatire oyendera madzi amchere.

Pansi pa chitukuko cha Aquion Energy, amapangidwa ndi madzi amchere, manganese oxide ndi thonje kuti apange chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito 'zambiri, zopanda poizoni ndi njira zamakono zopangira zotsika mtengo.'Chifukwa cha izi, ndi mabatire okha padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi mbiri yotsimikizika pakukula.

Mofanana ndi ukadaulo wa Aquion, 'Blue Battery' ya AquaBattery imagwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kwa mchere ndi madzi abwino omwe amayenda mu nembanemba kusunga mphamvu.Mitundu ina ya batri yomwe ingakhalepo ndi mabatire a Bristol Robotic Laboratory opangidwa ndi mkodzo ndi batri ya lithiamu ion ya University of California Riverside yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mchenga m'malo mwa graphite ya anode, zomwe zimatsogolera ku batri yomwe imakhala yamphamvu katatu kuposa momwe amagwirira ntchito.