Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi yo muri Amerika irimo guhinduka cyane kuko iva mu bicanwa biva mu bicanwa bikagera ku mbaraga zishobora kubaho.Mu gihe imyaka icumi ya mbere yo mu myaka ya za 2000 yabonye iterambere ryinshi mu kubyara gaze gasanzwe, naho mu myaka ya za 2010 akaba ari imyaka icumi y’umuyaga n’izuba, ibimenyetso bya mbere byerekana ko guhanga udushya muri 2020 bishobora kuba iterambere mu mashanyarazi ya “Hybrid”.
Uruganda rusanzwe rukora amashanyarazi ruhuza amashanyarazi hamwe nububiko bwa batiri ahantu hamwe.Ibyo akenshi bisobanura umurima wizuba cyangwa umuyaga uhujwe na bateri nini.Gukorera hamwe, imirasire yizuba hamwe nububiko bwa batiri birashobora kubyara ingufu zisubirwamo mugihe ingufu zizuba ziri hejuru cyane kumanywa hanyuma zikarekura nkuko bikenewe nyuma yuko izuba rirenze.
Kureba imbaraga nububiko mumishinga yiterambere bitanga incamake yingufu za Hybrid.
Ikipe yacumuri Laboratwari y'igihugu ya Lawrence Berkeley yasanze bitangajeGigawatt 1,400byateganijwe kubyara no kubika imishinga byasabye guhuza gride - kurenza amashanyarazi yose asanzwe yo muri Amerika hamwe.Itsinda rinini ubu ni imishinga yizuba, kandi hejuru ya kimwe cya gatatu cyimishinga irimo imirasire yizuba hamwe nububiko bwa batiri.
Mugihe izo mashanyarazi zigihe kizaza zitanga inyungu nyinshi, nazouzamure ibibazokubyerekeranye nuburyo gride yamashanyarazi igomba gukoreshwa neza.
Kuki ibivange bishyushye
Mugihe umuyaga nizuba bikura, bitangiye kugira ingaruka nini kuri gride.
Imirasire y'izubairenga 25%y'amashanyarazi ya buri mwaka muri Californiya kandi ikwirakwira vuba mu zindi ntara nka Texas, Florida na Jeworujiya.“Umukandara w’umuyaga” uvuga, kuva Dakotas kugera Texas, babonyeuburyo bunini bwo kohereza umuyaga, hamwe na Iowa ubu ibona imbaraga nyinshi zumuyaga.
Ijanisha ryinshi ryingufu zishobora kuvugururwa ritera kwibaza: Nigute twahuza amasoko mashya atanga ingufu nini ariko zitandukanye kumunsi wose?
Aho niho ububiko buza. Ibiciro bya batiri ya Litiyumu-ion bifiteyaguye vubankuko umusaruro wagabanutse ku isoko ryimodoka yamashanyarazi mumyaka yashize.Mugihe hariho impungenge zijyanye nigihe kizazaibibazo byo gutanga amasoko, igishushanyo cya batiri nacyo gishobora guhinduka.
Gukomatanya izuba hamwe na bateri bituma abashoramari ba Hybride batanga ingufu mumasaha yingirakamaro mugihe ibisabwa ari byinshi, nka nyuma ya saa sita nimugoroba nimugoroba iyo konderasi ikora hejuru.Batteri kandi ifasha koroshya umusaruro uturuka kumuyaga nizuba, kubika ingufu zirenze izindi zagabanywa, kandi bikagabanya ubukana kuri gride.
Hybride yiganjemo umuyoboro wumushinga
Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2020, muri Amerika hari imishinga 73 y'izuba hamwe na 16 bivangavanga umuyaga bikorera muri Amerika, bingana na gigawatt 2.5 z'ibisekuruza hamwe na 0.45 gigawat yo kubika.
Muri iki gihe, izuba hamwe n’ibivange byiganje mu nzira y’iterambere.Mu mpera za 2021, birenze675 gigawatts yizuba ryateganijweibimera byari byasabye kwemererwa guhuza imiyoboro, hamwe na kimwe cya gatatu cyabyo byahujwe nububiko.Indi gigawatt 247 yimirima yumuyaga yari kumurongo, hamwe na gigawatt 19, cyangwa hafi 8% muribyo, nkibivange.
Nibyo, gusaba guhuza ni intambwe imwe gusa mugutezimbere amashanyarazi.Iterambere rikeneye kandi amasezerano yubutaka n’abaturage, amasezerano yo kugurisha, gutera inkunga nimpushya.Gusa kimwe muri bine gishya cyatanzwe hagati ya 2010 na 2016 cyageze mubikorwa byubucuruzi.Ariko ubujyakuzimu bushishikajwe nibimera bivangavanga gukura gukomeye.
Ku masoko nka Californiya, bateri ni itegeko cyane kubateza imbere izuba.Kubera ko izuba rikunze kubaraimbaraga nyinshiku isoko ryo ku manywa, kubaka byinshi byongera agaciro gake.Kugeza ubu 95% by'ibyifuzo byose binini bitanga ingufu z'izuba kumurongo wa Californiya bizana na bateri.
Amasomo 5 kuri Hybride nibibazo by'ejo hazaza
Amahirwe yo gukura muri Hybride ashobora kuvugururwa ni manini, ariko bitera kwibaza bimweitsinda ryacumuri Berkeley Lab yakoraga iperereza.
Hano hari bimwe muri tweibyavuye hejuru:
Ishoramari ritanga inyungu mu turere twinshi.Twabonye ko mugihe wongeyeho bateri mumashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba byongera igiciro, binongera agaciro k'ingufu.Gushyira ibisekuru hamwe nububiko ahantu hamwe birashobora gufata inyungu ziva mu nguzanyo yimisoro, kuzigama amafaranga yo kubaka no guhinduka.Urebye ubushobozi bwinjira mumyaka yashize, hamwe nubufasha bwinguzanyo za reta, agaciro kongerewe kugaragara ko gashobora kwerekana igiciro kiri hejuru.
Ahantu hamwe bisobanura kandi gucuruza.Umuyaga nizuba bikora neza aho umuyaga nizuba bikomera, ariko bateri zitanga agaciro gakomeye aho zishobora gutanga inyungu nini za gride, nko kugabanya ubukana.Ibyo bivuze ko hari ubucuruzi-bwo kugena ahantu heza hamwe nagaciro gakomeye.Inguzanyo z’imisoro zishobora kwinjizwa gusa mugihe bateri zifatanije nizuba zishobora gutera inkunga ibyemezo bidasanzwe.
Ntamuntu numwe uhuza neza.Agaciro k’igihingwa kivanze kigenwa igice nukubera ibikoresho.Kurugero, ingano ya bateri ugereranije na generator yizuba irashobora kumenya igihe nimugoroba uruganda rushobora gutanga ingufu.Ariko agaciro k'imbaraga za nijoro biterwa nuko isoko ryaho rihinduka, umwaka wose.
Amategeko yisoko ryingufu agomba guhinduka.Hybride irashobora kwitabira isoko ryingufu nkigice kimwe cyangwa nkibintu bitandukanye, hamwe nizuba hamwe nububiko byigenga.Hybride irashobora kandi kuba abagurisha cyangwa abaguzi bingufu, cyangwa byombi.Ibyo birashobora kugorana.Amategeko yo kwitabira isoko ya Hybride aracyatera imbere, hasigara abakora inganda bagerageza uburyo bagurisha serivisi zabo.
Imvange ntoya itanga amahirwe mashya:Imashanyarazi ya Hybrid nayo irashobora kuba nto, nkizuba na bateri murugo cyangwa mubucuruzi.Bene aboimvange zabaye ibisanzwe muri Hawaiinkingufu zizuba zuzuza gride.Muri Californiya, abakiriya bafite ikibazo cyo guhagarika amashanyarazi kugirango birinde inkongi y'umuriro bagenda bongera ububiko muri sisitemu yizuba.Ibi“Inyuma-ya metero” imvangeuzamure ibibazo bijyanye nuburyo bigomba guhabwa agaciro, nuburyo bishobora gutanga umusanzu mubikorwa bya gride.
Hybride iratangiye, ariko nibindi byinshi biri munzira.Ubushakashatsi burakenewe cyane kubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga, igishushanyo mbonera cy'isoko n'amabwiriza kugira ngo ibiciro bya gride na gride bihinduke hamwe nabo.
Mugihe ibibazo bikomeje, biragaragara ko imvange zisobanura amashanyarazi.Kandi barashobora gusubiramo sisitemu yingufu za Amerika muriki gikorwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-23-2022