Ubushinwa bukomeje kugira uruhare runini mu nganda nshya z’ingufu: abasesengura
Ibidengeri bya Brine mu birombe bya Lithium y’umudugudu wa Calama, mu karere ka Antofagasta, Chili.Ifoto: VCG
Mu gihe isi yose ikurikirana amasoko y’ingufu nshya kugira ngo igabanye ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bateri za lithium zituma hakoreshwa ingufu neza mu nganda zagiye zigaragara cyane mu nganda zitandukanye kuva kuri terefone zigendanwa n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV).
Arijantine, Boliviya, na Chili, ibihugu bitanga umusaruro wa “ABC” muri Amerika y'Epfo “ABC” bivugwa ko byatekerezaga kuri politiki ihuriweho yo gushyiraho igiciro cyo kugurisha amabuye y'agaciro binyuze mu bufatanye busa n'Umuryango w’ibihugu byohereza peteroli (OPEC), urubuga rw'amakuru cankaoxiaoxi. com yatanze raporo muri wikendi, itanga raporo yatanzwe na Agencia EFE.
Raporo ivuga ko ibyiringiro ari ukugira ingaruka ku biciro bya lithium nk'uko OPEC ishyiraho urwego rw'umusaruro kugira ngo ihindure igiciro cya peteroli.
Muri iyo mirongo, abaminisitiri bo mu bihugu bitatu bifuza kumvikana ku biciro no guhuza ibikorwa by’umusaruro, ndetse banashyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho w’ibikorwa bijyanye n’iterambere rirambye ry’inganda, ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga nk'uko raporo ibigaragaza.
Ibiciro bihamye
Ku cyumweru, intego y’ubufatanye bwa lithium ni ukwirinda ihindagurika ry’ibiciro, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku batanga lithium, nk'uko Zhang Xiang, umushakashatsi w’ubushakashatsi mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’inganda z’imodoka zivugurura udushya muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga y’Ubushinwa y’Amajyaruguru yabitangarije Global Times ku cyumweru.
Ku cyumweru, Chen Jia, mugenzi w’ubushakashatsi wigenga ku ngamba mpuzamahanga, Chen Jia, yatangarije ikinyamakuru Global Times ko ku cyumweru, umuryango wa OPEC umeze nka lithium ushobora kuzagira uruhare mu kuzamura ibiciro by’umutungo wa lithium.
Nk’uko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA) kibitangaza ngo urwego rushya rutanga ingufu rushobora kugabanywamo ibice bitanu: ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, gutunganya ibikoresho, ibice bigize selile, selile ya batiri ndetse no gukora nko gukora za EV.
Abasesenguzi bavuze ko ubwo bufatanye buzagira uruhare rutaziguye mu nganda z’ingufu nshya - ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro.Nk’uko ibitangazamakuru bibitangaza, Arijantine, Boliviya, na Chili bingana na 65 ku ijana by'ibigega bya lithium byagaragaye ku isi, aho umusaruro ugera kuri 29.5 ku ijana by'isi yose mu 2020.
IEA ivuga ko Ubushinwa ariko bwiganje mu nsi y’urwego rushya rutanga ingufu nshya.Uyu munsi bateri na minerval zitanga iminyururu bizenguruka Ubushinwa.Ubushinwa butanga 75 ku ijana bya bateri zose za lithium-ion ku isi.Mu gihe Ubushinwa bukoresha cyane amabuye ya lithium, butumiza mu mahanga 65 ku ijana by'ibiryo bya lithium.Nk’uko ibitangazamakuru bibitangaza ngo hafi 6 ku ijana bya Litiyumu ya karubone yatumijwe mu Bushinwa biva muri Chili naho 37 ku ijana biva muri Arijantine.
Abasesenguzi bavuze kandi ko nubwo ihuriro rya lithium rishobora gufasha guhagarika ibiciro n’umusaruro, ubufatanye n’ubufatanye bw’inganda, cyane cyane n’Ubushinwa, bifasha mu guharanira umutekano ku isi ndetse n’urunigi rw’inganda.
Gutanga ubufatanye
Zhang yavuze ko nubwo bateri ya lithium ari yo nkingi ya batiri ya EV n’ingufu nshya (NEV), igiciro cya lithium kizagabanuka igihe ubundi bwoko bwa bateri butangiye gucengera ku isoko, nk'uko Zhang yabitangaje.
Ati: “Ihuriro rishobora kugirana ibiganiro bitaziguye n’amasosiyete ya EV na NEV, kandi impande zombi ntizishobora kumvikana ku giciro gusa;ariko kandi n'inzira y'iterambere n'ibikenerwa mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri ya lithium mu bihe biri imbere ”, Zhang.
Abasesenguzi bavuze ko Ubushinwa, nk’isoko rinini rya NEV n’isoko n’igurisha mu myaka yashize, bizatanga amahirwe menshi y’ubufatanye.Nk’uko IEA ibitangaza, mu 2025, biteganijwe ko Ubushinwa bugurisha miliyoni 7.5 NEVs, bingana na 48 ku ijana by'imigabane ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Abasesenguzi bavuze ko ubufatanye hagati ya Arijantine, Boliviya na Chili n’Ubushinwa ari ngombwa, kubera ko ibihugu bitatu bingana na 30% by’umusaruro wa litiro ku isi, Ositaraliya ikaba ifite imigabane myinshi isigaye.
Ubusanzwe Litiyumu ikurwa mu magorofa y’umunyu yo muri Amerika yepfo mu kuvoma ubwonko mu byuzi hanyuma ugatunganya lithium, ikabura igihe amazi azimye.Abasesenguzi bavuze ko bisaba igihe n'ishoramari mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo, aho Ubushinwa bushobora kuba umufatanyabikorwa w'igihe kirekire.
Ihuriro rya Lithium, riramutse ryashyizweho neza, rishobora guhindura uburengerazuba no kugenzura ibihugu by’umutungo wa lithium, bitewe n’umwanya wa mbere w’ibihugu bitatu biri mu bubiko, Chen.
Abasesenguzi bavuze ko ariko hakiri amakenga kugira ngo hashyizweho ihuriro ry’ibiciro bya lithium.
Ati: “Kugeza ubu, umutungo wa lithium nturagera ku buremere bw’ibikorwa bya peteroli.Hagati aho, ikibazo cy’ingufu giherutse cyabujije iterambere ry’isi yose mu rwego rw’inganda nshya mu nganda mu gihe gito, ”Chen.
Nk’uko mugenzi w’ubushakashatsi abitangaza, ngo hari inzitizi zifatika za tekinike zihuza politiki y’inganda n’inganda mu bihugu bitatu.Ntibyoroshye guhuza ubushobozi bwumusaruro niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, nko muri OPEC.
Ku cyumweru nubwo ihuriro rya lithium rishobora gushyirwaho, ntirishobora guhita ritegeka igiciro cy’amabuye ya lithium, bitewe n’uko umubare muto ugereranyije n’umusaruro wa lithium, nk'uko Bai Wenxi, impuguke mu bukungu muri IPG Ubushinwa yabitangarije Global Times ku cyumweru.
Umukozi wo mu birombe afata icyitegererezo cy'amazi muri pisine ya kirombe kiri mu birombe bya Litiyumu i Calama, mu karere ka Antofagasta, Chili.Ifoto: VCG
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-24-2022