Isi ikeneye imbaraga nyinshi, nibyiza muburyo busukuye kandi bushobora kuvugururwa.Ingamba zacu zo kubika ingufu muri iki gihe zakozwe na bateri ya lithium-ion - ku isonga ry’ikoranabuhanga - ariko se ni iki dushobora gutegereza mu myaka iri imbere?
Reka duhere kubintu bimwe byingenzi bya batiri.Batare ni ipaki ya selile imwe cyangwa nyinshi, buri imwe ifite electrode nziza (cathode), electrode mbi (anode), itandukanya na electrolyte.Gukoresha imiti nibikoresho bitandukanye muribi bigira ingaruka kumiterere ya bateri - imbaraga zishobora kubika no gusohora, imbaraga zishobora gutanga cyangwa inshuro zishobora gusohoka no kwishyurwa (nanone byitwa ubushobozi bwo gusiganwa ku magare).
Amasosiyete ya Batteri ahora agerageza gushakisha imiti ihendutse, yuzuye, yoroshye kandi ikomeye.Twaganiriye na Patrick Bernard - Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubushakashatsi bwa Saft, wasobanuye ikoranabuhanga rishya rya batiri rifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu.
ITERAMBERE RISHYA LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
Niki?
Muri bateri ya lithium-ion (li-ion), kubika ingufu no kurekura bitangwa no kugenda kwa ioni ya lithium kuva mubyiza ikagera kuri electrode mbi inyuma ikanyura kuri electrolyte.Muri iri koranabuhanga, electrode nziza ikora nkisoko ya mbere ya lithium na electrode mbi nka host ya lithium.Imiti myinshi ikusanyirizwa hamwe mwizina rya bateri ya li-ion, nkibisubizo byimyaka mirongo yo gutoranya no gutezimbere hafi yo gutunganya ibikoresho byiza kandi bibi.Lithiated metal oxyde cyangwa fosifate nibintu bisanzwe bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byiza byubu.Graphite, ariko na grafite / silicon cyangwa lithiated titanium oxyde ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bibi.
Hamwe nibikoresho bifatika hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera, tekinoroji ya li-ion iteganijwe kugera ku mbaraga zingufu mumyaka iri imbere.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kuvumbura vuba mumiryango mishya yibikoresho bikora nabi bigomba gufungura imipaka igezweho.Ibi bikoresho bishya birashobora kubika lithium nyinshi muri electrode nziza kandi mbi kandi bizemerera kunshuro yambere guhuza ingufu nimbaraga.Mubyongeyeho, hamwe nibi bikoresho bishya, ubuke no kunegura ibikoresho fatizo nabyo byitabwaho.
Ni izihe nyungu zayo?
Uyu munsi, muri tekinoroji zose zigezweho zo kubika, tekinoroji ya batiri ya li-ion ituma urwego rwo hejuru rwinshi rwingufu.Imikorere nkibintu byihuta cyangwa ubushyuhe bukora idirishya (-50 ° C kugeza kuri 125 ° C) birashobora guhuzwa neza nuburyo bunini bwo guhitamo selile na chimistries.Byongeye kandi, bateri ya li-ion yerekana inyungu zinyongera nko kwikebesha cyane no kuramba cyane no kubaho kumagare, mubisanzwe ibihumbi n'ibihumbi byo kwishyuza / gusohora.
Ni ryari dushobora kubyitega?
Ibisekuru bishya bya bateri ya li-ion iteganijwe koherezwa mbere yisekuru yambere ya bateri zikomeye za leta.Bizaba byiza gukoreshwa mubisabwa nka sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zaibishobora kuvugururwano gutwara abantu (marine, gari ya moshi,indegeno hanze yumuhanda) aho ingufu nyinshi, imbaraga nyinshi numutekano ari itegeko.
LATIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES
Niki?
Muri bateri ya li-ion, lithium ion ibikwa mubikoresho bikora bikora nk'imiterere ihamye mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora.Muri bateri ya lithium-sulfure (Li-S), nta nyubako yakira.Mugihe cyo gusohora, lithium anode irakoreshwa kandi sulferi ihinduka imiti itandukanye yimiti;mugihe cyo kwishyuza, inzira yo guhinduka iraba.
Ni izihe nyungu zayo?
Batiri ya Li-S ikoresha ibikoresho byoroheje cyane: sulfure muri electrode nziza na lithium metallic nka electrode mbi.Niyo mpamvu ubwinshi bwimbaraga za theoretical ari hejuru cyane: inshuro enye ziruta izitwa lithium-ion.Ibyo bituma bikwiranye ninganda zindege nindege.
Saft yahisemo kandi itonesha tekinoroji ya Li-S ishingiye cyane kuri electrolyte ya leta ikomeye.Iyi nzira ya tekinike izana ingufu nyinshi cyane, kuramba no gutsinda ibibi byingenzi byamazi ashingiye kuri Li-S (ubuzima buke, kwishyiriraho ibiciro,…).
Byongeye kandi, iri koranabuhanga ryiyongera kuri leta ya lithium-ion ikomeye bitewe nububasha bwayo bukomeye bwa gravimetric (+ 30% byugarije Wh / kg).
Ni ryari dushobora kubyitega?
Inzitizi zikomeye zikoranabuhanga zimaze kuneshwa kandi urwego rwo gukura rugenda rutera imbere byihuse kuri prototypes yuzuye.
Kubisabwa bisaba igihe kirekire cya bateri, tekinoroji iteganijwe kugera ku isoko nyuma ya lithium-ion ikomeye.
BATTERI ZA LETA ZIKOMEYE
Niki?
Batteri za leta zikomeye zerekana ihinduka ryimiterere mubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga.Muri bateri ya kijyambere ya li-ion, ion ziva muri electrode zijya mu zindi hejuru ya electrolyte y'amazi (nanone yitwa ionic conductivity).Muri bateri zose zikomeye, amashanyarazi ya electrolyte asimburwa nuruvange rukomeye nyamara rutuma ioni ya lithium yimuka muri yo.Iki gitekerezo nticyari gishya, ariko mumyaka 10 ishize - bitewe nubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku isi - imiryango mishya ya electrolytite ikomeye yavumbuwe ifite imiyoboro ihanitse cyane, isa na electrolyte y’amazi, bituma iyi nzitizi y’ikoranabuhanga ishobora gutsinda.
Uyu munsi,UmutekanoImbaraga zubushakashatsi & Iterambere zibanda kumoko 2 yingenzi yibintu: polymers hamwe ninganda zidasanzwe, bigamije guhuza imitekerereze ya fiziki-chimique nkibikorwa, ituze, itwara…
Ni izihe nyungu zayo?
Inyungu ya mbere nini ni iterambere ryibanze ryumutekano kurwego rwa selile na batiri: electrolytite ikomeye ntishobora gutwikwa iyo ishyushye, bitandukanye na bagenzi babo.Icya kabiri, yemerera gukoresha ibikoresho bishya, bifite ingufu nyinshi zifite imbaraga nyinshi, bigafasha bateri zoroheje, zoroheje hamwe nubuzima bwiza bwo kubaho bitewe no kugabanuka kwikebesha.Byongeye kandi, kurwego rwa sisitemu, bizazana inyungu zinyongera nkubukanishi bworoshye kimwe nubuyobozi bwumuriro numutekano.
Nkuko bateri zishobora kwerekana imbaraga zingana-nuburemere, birashobora kuba byiza gukoreshwa mumodoka yamashanyarazi.
Ni ryari dushobora kubyitega?
Ubwoko butandukanye bwa bateri za leta zikomeye zirashobora kuza kumasoko mugihe iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rikomeje.Iya mbere izaba bateri ya leta ikomeye hamwe na anode ya grafite, izana imikorere myiza yumutekano n'umutekano.Mugihe, urumuri rukomeye rwa batiri ya tekinoroji ukoresheje metani ya lithium anode igomba kuboneka mubucuruzi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-03-2022