Inkqubo yamandla ombane yaseMelika ifumana utshintsho olukhulu njengoko itshintsha ukusuka kumafutha efosili ukuya kumandla ahlaziyekayo.Ngelixa ishumi leminyaka yokuqala yee-2000s yabona ukukhula okukhulu kwigesi yendalo, kwaye oo-2010 yayiyishumi leminyaka yomoya nelanga, iimpawu zangaphambili zibonisa ukuba ukuqalwa kwezinto ezintsha koo-2020 kusenokuba yimpumelelo kwizityalo zamandla “ezixubileyo”.
Isixhobo sombane esiqhelekileyo esixutyiweyo sidibanisa ukuveliswa kombane kunye nokugcinwa kwebhetri kwindawo enye.Oko kudla ngokuthetha ifama yelanga okanye yomoya edityaniswe neebhetri ezinkulu.Ukusebenza kunye, iiphaneli zelanga kunye nokugcinwa kwebhetri kunokuvelisa amandla ahlaziyekayo xa amandla elanga encopho emini kwaye emva koko akhulule njengoko kufuneka emva kokutshona kwelanga.
Ujongo kumandla kunye nogcino lweeprojekthi kumbhobho wophuhliso lunika umbono wekamva lamandla adibeneyo.
Iqela lethueLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory yafumanisa ukuba iyamangalisa1,400 gigawattsyeeprojekthi ezicetywayo zokuvelisa kunye nokugcinwa zifake izicelo zokuqhagamshela kwigridi - ngaphezu kwazo zonke iiplanti zombane ezikhoyo zase-US zidityanisiwe.Elona qela likhulu ngoku ziiprojekthi zelanga, kwaye ngaphezulu kwesithathu kwezo projekthi zibandakanya i-hybrid solar kunye nokugcinwa kwebhetri.
Ngelixa ezi zityalo zamandla zexesha elizayo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, nazophakamisa imibuzomalunga nendlela igridi yombane efanele iqhutywe ngayo.
Kutheni imixube ishushu
Njengoko umoya kunye nelanga zikhula, ziqala ukuba neempembelelo ezinkulu kwigridi.
Amandla elanga sele ekhonangaphezulu kwe-25%yemveliso yamandla yonyaka eCalifornia kwaye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwamanye amazwe anjengeTexas, Florida kunye neGeorgia.I "ibhanti lomoya" ithi, ukusuka eDakotas ukuya eTexas, ibonileukusasazwa okukhulu kweeinjini zomoya, kunye ne-Iowa ngoku ifumana uninzi lwamandla ayo emoyeni.
Le pesenti ephezulu yamandla ahlaziyekayo iphakamisa umbuzo: Siyidibanisa njani imithombo ehlaziyekayo evelisa izixa ezinkulu kodwa ezahlukeneyo zamandla imini yonke?
Kulapho ugcino lungena khona. Amaxabiso ebhetri eLithium-ion ayenayosiwe ngokukhawulezanjengoko imveliso iye yanyuka kwimarike yemoto yombane kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Ngelixa kukho iinkxalabo malunga nekamvaimingeni yesixokelelwano sonikezelo, uyilo lwebhetri lusenokwenzeka ukuba luvele.
Indibaniselwano yelanga kunye neebhetri ivumela abaqhubi bezityalo ezixubeneyo ukuba babonelele ngombane ngezona yure zixabisekileyo xa imfuno inamandla, njengeemva kwemini zasehlotyeni nangokuhlwa xa ii-air conditioners zisebenza phezulu.Iibhetri zikwanceda ukugudisa imveliso evela kumoya kunye namandla elanga, ukugcina amandla agqithisileyo ebenokucuthwa ngenye indlela, kwaye anciphise ukuxinana kwigridi.
Imihlanganiselwa ilawula umbhobho weprojekthi
Ekupheleni kuka-2020, bekukho iiprojekthi ze-solar ezingama-73 kunye ne-16 zomoya ezidibeneyo ezisebenza e-US, ezifikelela kwi-2.5 gigawatts yokuvelisa kunye ne-0.45 gigawatts yokugcina.
Namhlanje, ilanga kunye nemixube ilawula umbhobho wophuhliso.Ekupheleni kuka-2021, ngaphezuluNgama-675 eegigawathi zesola elicetywayoizityalo ziye zafaka isicelo sokuvunywa koqhagamshelo lwegridi, ngaphezulu kwesithathu kuzo zidityaniswe nokugcinwa.Ezinye iigigawatts ezingama-247 zeefama zomoya bezingqamene, neegigawati ezili-19, okanye malunga ne-8% yazo, njengemixube.
Ewe, ukufaka isicelo soqhagamshelo linyathelo elinye kuphela ekuphuhliseni umzi-mveliso wamandla.Umphuhlisi ukwafuna izivumelwano zomhlaba kunye noluntu, ikontraki yokuthengisa, inkxaso-mali kunye namaphepha-mvume.Kuphela malunga nesityalo esinye kwezine ezitsha ezicetywayo phakathi kuka-2010 kunye no-2016 ezenza ukuba zisebenze.Kodwa ubunzulu bomdla kwizityalo ezixutyiweyo bubonisa ukukhula olomeleleyo.
Kwiimarike ezifana neCalifornia, iibhetri ziyimfuneko kubaphuhlisi abatsha belanga.Ekubeni ilanga lihlala libalelwa kwi-uninzi lwamandlakwimarike yasemini, ukwakha ngaphezulu wongeza ixabiso elincinci.Okwangoku i-95% yazo zonke izindululo zomthamo omkhulu welanga kumgca waseCalifornia ziza neebhetri.
Izifundo ezi-5 kwimixube kunye nemibuzo yekamva
Ithuba lokukhula kwimixube ehlaziyekayo ngokucacileyo likhulu, kodwa liphakamisa imibuzo ethileiqela lethueBerkeley Lab ibiphanda.
Nazi ezinye zethuiziphumo eziphezulu:
Utyalo-mali luhlawula kwimimandla emininzi.Sifumene ukuba ngelixa ukongeza iibhetri kwiplanti yamandla elanga kwandisa ixabiso, kwandisa ixabiso lamandla.Ukubeka ukuveliswa kunye nokugcinwa kwindawo enye kunokuthabatha inzuzo kwiikhredithi zerhafu, ukugcinwa kweendleko zokwakha kunye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza.Ukujonga amandla engeniso kwiminyaka yamuva nje, kwaye ngoncedo lweekhredithi zerhafu ye-federal, ixabiso elongezelelweyo libonakala lithethelela ixabiso eliphezulu.
I-Co-location ikwathetha urhwebo.Umoya kunye nelanga zisebenza kakuhle apho umoya kunye nezixhobo zelanga zomelele, kodwa iibhetri zibonelela ngelona xabiso likhulu apho zinokunikezela ngenzuzo enkulu yegridi, njengokuphelisa ukuxinana.Oko kuthetha ukuba kukho ukurhweba xa kumiselwa eyona ndawo inexabiso eliphezulu.Iikhredithi zerhafu ye-Federal ezinokufunyanwa kuphela xa iibhetri zidibene kunye nelanga zingakhuthaza izigqibo ezingaphantsi kwezinye iimeko.
Akukho nanye indibaniselwano engcono.Ixabiso lesityalo esixubileyo sichongwa ngokuyinxalenye ngokucwangciswa kwezixhobo.Umzekelo, ubungakanani bebhetri xa kuthelekiswa nejenereyitha yelanga inokugqiba ukuba isityalo sinokuhambisa kangakanani na ngokuhlwa.Kodwa ixabiso lamandla obusuku lixhomekeke kwiimeko zeemarike zendawo, eziguqukayo unyaka wonke.
Imithetho yemarike yamandla kufuneka iguquke.Ii-hybrids zinokuthatha inxaxheba kwimarike yamandla njengeyunithi enye okanye njengamaqumrhu ahlukeneyo, kunye nebhidi yelanga kunye nokugcinwa ngokuzimeleyo.Imihlanganiselwa inokuba ngabathengisi okanye abathengi bamandla, okanye zombini.Oko kunokuba nzima.Imithetho yothatho-nxaxheba kwimarike yemihlanganiselwa isavela, ishiya abasebenzisi bezityalo ukuba bavavanye indlela abazithengisa ngayo iinkonzo zabo.
Imixube emincinci idala amathuba amatsha:Amaziko ombane oHybrid nawo anokuba ncinci, afana nelanga kunye neebhetri kwikhaya okanye ishishini.EnjaloImixube iye yaba yinto eqhelekileyo eHawaiinjengoko amandla elanga ezalise igridi.ECalifornia, abathengi abaphantsi kokuvalwa kombane ukuthintela imililo yasendle bayanda besongeza indawo yokugcina kwiinkqubo zabo zelanga.Ezi“ngasemva kwemitha” imixubephakamisa imibuzo malunga nokuba kufuneka zixatyiswe njani, kwaye zinokuba negalelo njani ekusebenzeni kwegridi.
Imihlanganiselwa isaqala, kodwa kuninzi okusendleleni.Uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka kubuchwepheshe, uyilo lwemarike kunye nemimiselo yokuqinisekisa ukuba igridi kunye namaxabiso egridi ayavela kunye nawo.
Ngelixa imibuzo isekho, kucacile ukuba imixube ichaza ngokutsha izityalo zamandla.Kwaye banokwenza kwakhona inkqubo yamandla yase-US kwinkqubo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-23-2022