Iinjineli kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia eSan Diego ziye zaphuhlisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisebenza kakuhle kwingqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo kunye namaqondo obushushu ashushu, ngelixa zipakisha amandla amaninzi.Abaphandi bafeze le nto ngokuphuhlisa i-electrolyte engaguquguqukiyo kwaye yomelele kulo lonke ubushushu obubanzi, kodwa iyahambelana ne-anode yamandla aphezulu kunye ne-cathode.
Iibhetri ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushuzichazwe kwiphepha elipapashwe kwiveki kaJulayi 4 kwiiNkqubo zeNational Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
Iibhetri ezinjalo zinokuvumela izithuthi zombane kwiindawo ezibandayo ukuba zihambe umgama omde ngentlawulo enye;banokuphinda banciphise imfuno yeenkqubo zokupholisa ukugcina iipakethi zebhetri zezithuthi ekutshiseni kakhulu kwiindawo ezishushu, utshilo uZheng Chen, uprofesa we-nanoengineering kwi-UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering kunye nombhali ophezulu wokufunda.
“Udinga ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu kwiindawo apho amaqondo obushushu akwindawo enokufikelela kumanani amathathu kwaye neendlela ziba shushu ngakumbi.Kwizithuthi zombane, iipakethi zebhetri zihlala ziphantsi komgangatho, kufutshane nezi ndlela zishushu, "wachaza u-Chen, naye ilungu le-faculty ye-UC San Diego Sustainable Power and Energy Centre.“Kwakhona, iibhetri ziyafudumala ngenxa yokuba zisebenza ngoku ngexesha lokusebenza.Ukuba iibhetri azikwazi ukunyamezela oku kufudumala kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ukusebenza kwazo kuya kuthotywa ngokukhawuleza. "
Kwiimvavanyo, iibhetri ze-proof-of-concept zigcinwe kwi-87.5% kunye ne-115.9% yamandla abo kwi-40 kunye ne-50 C (-40 kunye ne-122 F), ngokulandelanayo.Kwakhona babenokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-Coulombic ye-98.2% kunye ne-98.7% kula maqondo okushisa, ngokulandelanayo, oku kuthetha ukuba iibhetri ziyakwazi ukuhlawula ngaphezulu kunye nokukhupha imijikelezo ngaphambi kokuba ziyeke ukusebenza.
Iibhetri eziphuhliswe nguChen kunye noogxa zimbini zibanda kunye nobushushu obunyamezelayo ngenxa ye-electrolyte yazo.Yenziwe ngesisombululo solwelo se-dibutyl ether exutywe netyuwa ye-lithium.Isici esikhethekileyo malunga ne-dibutyl ether kukuba iimolekyuli zayo zibophelela ngokubuthathaka kwi-lithium ion.Ngamanye amazwi, iimolekyuli ze-electrolyte zinokuyeka ngokulula i-lithium ion njengoko ibhetri isebenza.Olu nxibelelwano lubuthathaka lwemolekyuli, abaphandi baye bafumanisa kwisifundo sangaphambili, kuphucula ukusebenza kwebhetri kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero.Ngaphezu koko, i-dibutyl ether inokubuthatha lula ubushushu kuba ihlala imanzi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (inendawo yokubila eyi-141 C, okanye i-286 F).
Ukuzinzisa iikhemistri ze-lithium-sulfur
Enye into ekhethekileyo malunga nale electrolyte kukuba iyahambelana nebhetri ye-lithium-sulfur, luhlobo lwebhetri ehlaziywayo ene-anode eyenziwe ngesinyithi se-lithium kunye ne-cathode eyenziwe ngesulfure.Iibhetri zeLithium-sulphur ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeteknoloji yebhetri yesizukulwana esilandelayo kuba zithembisa ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi.Bangakwazi ukugcina amandla aphindwe kabini kwikhilogram enye kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion zanamhlanje - oku kunokuphinda kabini uluhlu lwezithuthi zombane ngaphandle kokunyuka kobunzima bebhetri.Kwakhona, isulfure ininzi kwaye ayinangxaki kangako kwimithombo kune-cobalt esetyenziswa kwiicathodes zebhetri ze-lithium-ion.
Kodwa kukho iingxaki ngeebhetri ze-lithium-sulfur.Zombini i-cathode kunye ne-anode zisebenza kakhulu.Iikhathodi zesulfure zisebenza kakhulu kangangokuba ziyanyibilika ngexesha lokusebenza kwebhetri.Lo mba uba mandundu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.Kwaye i-lithium metal anodes ithanda ukwenza izinto ezifana nenaliti ezibizwa ngokuba zii-dendrites ezinokugqobhoza iindawo zebhetri, zibangele ukuba ihambe-mfutshane.Ngenxa yoko, iibhetri ze-lithium-sulfur zihlala kuphela ukuya kumashumi emijikelo.
"Ukuba ufuna ibhetri enoxinano lwamandla aphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka usebenzise i-chemistry enzima kakhulu," kusho uChen.“Amandla aphezulu athetha ukusabela okuninzi okwenzekayo, okuthetha ukuba uzinzo oluphantsi, ukuthotywa okungaphezulu.Ukwenza ibhetri enamandla kakhulu ezinzileyo ngumsebenzi onzima ngokwawo - ukuzama ukwenza oku ngoluhlu olubanzi lobushushu kulucelomngeni ngakumbi. ”
I-electrolyte ye-dibutyl ether ephuhliswe liqela le-UC San Diego inqanda le miba, nakwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu neliphantsi.Iibhetri abazivavanyileyo zazinobomi obude bokuhamba ngebhayisikile kunebhetri ye-lithium-sulphur eqhelekileyo."I-electrolyte yethu inceda ekuphuculeni zombini icala le-cathode kunye ne-anode ngelixa libonelela nge-conductivity ephezulu kunye nokuzinza kwe-interfacial," kusho u-Chen.
Iqela liphinde lenze i-sulphur cathode ukuze izinze ngakumbi ngokuyifakela kwipolymer.Oku kuthintela isulfure eninzi ekunyibilikeni kwi-electrolyte.
Amanyathelo alandelayo abandakanya ukonyusa ikhemistri yebhetri, ukuyilungiselela ukuba isebenze kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokwandisa ubomi bomjikelo.
Iphepha: "Iinqobo zokukhetha ukunyibilika kweebhetri ze-lithium-sulfur ezinobushushu."Ababhali-bambisene nabo baquka uGuorui Cai, uJohn Holoubek, uMingqian Li, uHongpeng Gao, uYijie Yin, uSicen Yu, uHaodong Liu, uTod A. Pascal noPing Liu, bonke base-UC San Diego.
Lo msebenzi uxhaswe yinkxaso-mali yeFakhalthi yokuQala yoMsebenzi ovela kwiNkqubo yeSibonelelo soPhando lweTekhnoloji yeNASA (ECF 80NSSC18K1512), iNational Science Foundation ngokusebenzisa i-UC San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Centre (MRSEC, igranti DMR-2011924), kunye neOfisi ye Ubuchwephesha bezithuthi zeSebe lezaMandla lase-US ngeNkqubo yoPhando lweZitho zeBattery eziPhambili (iBattery500 Consortium, isivumelwano se-DE-EE0007764).Lo msebenzi wenziwa inxalenye kwi-San Diego Nanotechnology Infrastructure (SDNI) e-UC San Diego, ilungu leNational Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure, exhaswa yiNational Science Foundation (isibonelelo se-ECCS-1542148).
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-10-2022