Amandla elanga bubuchwephesha obubalulekileyo kumazwe amaninzi afuna ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kumacandelo awo amandla, kwaye umthamo wehlabathi ofakiweyo ulungele ukukhula kwirekhodi kwiminyaka ezayo.
Ufakelo lwamandla elanga lukhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi jikelele njengoko amazwe enyusa iinzame zawo zamandla ahlaziyekayo kwaye azama ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ekuveliseni umbane.
Kanye kunye nomoya, i-photovoltaic yelanga (i-PV) yeyona nto isekelwe kwi-technologies yamandla ekhabhoni ephantsi, kwaye njengoko ikhula kwisikali, iindleko zophuhliso ziyehla.
Isimbuku esifakelweyo somthamo ekupheleni kuka-2019 sifikelele kuma-627 egigawatts (GW) kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ngokutsho kwe-International Energy Agency (IEA), ilanga lisendleleni yokuseta iirekhodi zokusasazwa okutsha kwehlabathi nyaka ngamnye emva kwe-2022, kunye nomndilili we-125 GW womthamo omtsha olindelwe kwihlabathi jikelele phakathi kwe-2021 kunye ne-2025.
Isizukulwana seSolar PV sinyuke nge-22% ngo-2019, kwaye simele ukukhula kwesizukulwana esikhulu sesibini sazo zonke iitekhnoloji ezivuselelekayo, kancinci emva komoya naphambi kombane wamanzi, ngokutsho kwearhente.
Ngo-2020, kuqikelelwa ukuba i-107 GW yesolar eyongezelelweyo yaziswa kwi-intanethi kwihlabathi jikelele, kunye ne-117 GW elindelekileyo ngo-2021.
I-China ngokulula yeyona marike inkulu yehlabathi yamandla elanga, kwaye njengoko ilizwe liphuhlisa izicwangciso zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngaphambi kowama-2060, umsebenzi unokunyuka ngakumbi kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.
Kodwa imimandla kwihlabathi liphela iyanyusa iinzame zayo zamandla elanga, kwaye apha sibonisa amazwe amahlanu aphezulu ngokomthamo ofakiweyo ukusukela ngo-2019.
Amazwe amahlanu aphezulu kumthamo wamandla elanga ngo-2019
1. I-China - 205 GW
I-China iziqhayisa ngeyona nqanawa inkulu emhlabeni ifakiweyo yamandla elanga, elinganiselwa kwi-205 GW ngo-2019, ngokwengxelo ye-IEA's Renewables 2020.
Kwangaloo nyaka, umbane oveliswa kumandla elanga ufikelele kuma-223.8 eeyure zeterawatt (TWh) elizweni.
Ngaphandle kokuba ngowona mthombo uphezulu wehlabathi, ubukhulu boqoqosho lwase-China buthetha ukuba ubukhulu bemfuno zamandla buyakwazi ukwamkela ezona nqanawa zikhulu zamalahle kunye nezinokuhlaziywa kwakhona.
Inkxaso-mali karhulumente ikhuthaze umsebenzi kweli candelo ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-2010, nangona uncediso-mali lweeprojekthi zorhwebo luye lwayekiswa ngoku kulungiselelwa imodeli yefandesi enokhuphiswano.
Eyona projekthi inkulu yelanga eTshayina yiHuanghe Hydropower Hainan Solar Park (2.2 GW) kwiphondo laseQinghai.
2. EUnited States - 76 GW
I-US yayineyesibini ngobukhulu efakwe amandla elanga ngo-2019, iyonke i-76 GW kwaye ivelisa i-93.1 TWh yombane.
Kule minyaka ilishumi izayo, kufakelo lwelanga lase-US kuqikelelwa ukuba luza kufikelela malunga ne-419 GW njengoko ilizwe likhawulezisa iinzame zalo zamandla acocekileyo kunye nokuzama ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yalo yamandla ngo-2035.
Iiprojekthi zomgangatho oluncedo zilawula ishishini lelanga lase-US, kunye neCalifornia, iTexas, iFlorida kunye neVirginia phakathi kwawona mazwe asebenzayo kwimarike yasekhaya.
Umqhubi ophambili wokukhula e-US yimigangatho yepotfoliyo ehlaziyiweyo (RPS) ebophelela abathengisi bamandla ukuba babonelele ngepesenti yombane ophuma kwimithombo evuselelekayo.Ukuhla kweendleko zokusasaza kunye neekhredithi zerhafu ezifanelekileyo nazo zikhuthaze ukukhula kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
3. IJapan - 63.2 GW
IJapan ikwindawo yesithathu phakathi kwamazwe anomthamo omkhulu welanga, kunye neenqwelomoya zizonke eziyi-63.2 GW ngo-2019, ngokwedatha ye-IEA, ivelisa i-74.1 TWh yombane.
Eminye imithombo yamandla efana nelanga kunye nezinye izinto ezivuselelwayo ziye zaduma ngakumbi ukusukela kwintlekele yenyukliya yaseFukushima ngo-2011, eyabangela ukuba ilizwe linciphise ngokubonakalayo imisebenzi yalo kumandla enyukliya.
IJapan isebenzise izikimu ze-feed-in-tariff (FiT) ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwetekhnoloji yelanga ukuba ibe nesiphumo esihle, nangona kunjalo imakethi yelanga yePV kulindeleke ukuba icothe kancinci kule minyaka izayo.
Ukongezwa kwePV yaseJapan kulindeleke ukuba kungene ikhontrakthi ukuqala ngo-2022, ngenxa yokupheliswa kwenkqubo yesisa ye-FiT yeeprojekthi ezinkulu kunye nomthamo ongabhaliswanga kwiifandesi zangaphambili, itsho i-IEA.
Nangona kunjalo, amandla elanga afakiweyo eJapan anokusondela kwi-100 GW ngo-2025 ngokuxhomekeke kwimigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kunye nokwehla kweendleko.
4. EJamani - 49.2 GW
IJamani lelona lizwe liphambili eYurophu ekuhanjisweni kwelanga, kunye neenqwelo zelizwe ezijikeleze i-49.2 GW ngo-2019, zivelisa i-47.5 TWh yombane.
Iifandesi ezikhuphisanayo zikhulise ishishini kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye urhulumente waseJamani kutshanje uye wacebisa ukwandisa i-2030 ekujoliswe kuyo kokufakela ilanga ukuya kwi-100 GW njengoko ijolise kwi-65% yesabelo sokuhlaziywa kumxube wayo wamandla ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi.
Ufakelo oluncinci, lwabucala luxhaphakile eJamani, lukhuthazwa ziindlela zenkxaso zikarhulumente ezinjengomvuzo wokuvelisa ngokugqithisileyo, ngelixa iiprojekthi zomgangatho woncedo kulindeleke ukuba zikhule kule minyaka izayo.
Eyona projekthi yelanga inkulu kweli lizwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku yi-187-megawatt (MW) i-Weesow-Wilmersdorf iziko kumntla-mpuma weBerlin, ephuhliswe ngumbutho waseJamani i-EnBW.
5. I-Indiya - 38 GW
I-Indiya ineyesihlanu ngobukhulu efakwe amandla elanga elanga, iphelele ngama-38 GW ngo-2019, kwaye ivelisa i-54 TWh yombane.
Imfuno yamandla e-India kulo lonke elaseIndiya kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngakumbi kunawo nawuphi na omnye ummandla kumashumi eminyaka ezayo kwaye, njengeyesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni, imigaqo-nkqubo iyaphuhliswa ukuze kushenxiswe ilizwe kumafutha efosili njengamalahle ukuze kuxhaswe izinto ezinokuhlaziywa.
Ujoliso lukaRhulumente lubandakanya i-450 GW yomthamo wamandla ahlaziyekayo ngo-2030, kwaye ilanga lilindeleke ukuba libe sembindini walo mnqweno.
Ngo-2040, i-IEA ilindele ukuba ilanga libambe malunga ne-31% yesabelo somxube wamandla waseIndiya phantsi kwamabhongo omgaqo-nkqubo oxeliweyo ngoku, xa kuthelekiswa ngaphantsi kwe-4% namhlanje.
I-arhente ichaza "ukukhuphisana kweendleko ezingaqhelekanga zelanga" e-Indiya njengento yokuqhubela phambili kolu tshintsho, "olukhupha umbane okhoyo owenziwe ngamalahle ngo-2030 nangona udibaniswa nokugcinwa kwebhetri".
Nangona kunjalo, imiqobo yegridi yothumelo kunye nemiceli mngeni yokufunyanwa komhlaba kuya kufuneka iqwalaselwe ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso olungakumbi lwentengiso yamandla elanga yaseIndiya kwiminyaka ezayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-07-2022