Ziziphi iibhetri ze-lithium kwaye zisebenza njani?

Ziziphi iibhetri ze-lithium ion, zenziwe ngantoni kwaye zeziphi izibonelelo xa kuthelekiswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokugcina ibhetri?

Okokuqala kucetywayo kwi-1970 kwaye iveliswe ngokurhweba ngu-Sony kwi-1991, iibhetri ze-lithium ngoku zisetyenziswa kwiifowuni eziphathwayo, iinqwelomoya kunye neemoto.Ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezininzi ezikhokelele ekwandiseni impumelelo kushishino lwamandla, iibhetri ze-lithium ion zinezithintelo ezithile kwaye zingumxholo obangela ingxoxo eninzi.

Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye iibhetri ze-lithium kwaye zisebenza njani?

Zenziwa ngantoni iibhetri ze-lithium?

Ibhetri ye-lithium yenziwe ngamacandelo amane abalulekileyo.Ine-cathode, emisela umthamo kunye ne-voltage yebhetri kwaye ngumthombo we-lithium ion.I-anode yenza ukuba umbane ujikeleze kwisiphaluka sangaphandle kwaye xa ibhetri ihlawuliswa, i-lithium ion igcinwe kwi-anode.

I-electrolyte yenziwe ngeetyuwa, i-solvents kunye ne-additives, kwaye isebenza njenge-conduit ye-lithium ion phakathi kwe-cathode kunye ne-anode.Ekugqibeleni kukho isahluli, umqobo womzimba ogcina i-cathode kunye ne-anode yohlukana.

Iinzuzo kunye neengxaki zeebhetri ze-lithium

Iibhetri zeLithium zinoxinzelelo lwamandla oluphezulu kakhulu kunezinye iibhetri.Banokuba ne-150 watt-hours (WH) yamandla ngekhilogram (kg), xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride kwi-60-70WH/kg kunye ne-lead acid kwi-25WH/kg.

Kwakhona banezinga eliphantsi lokukhutshwa kunabanye, balahlekelwa malunga ne-5% yentlawulo yabo ngenyanga xa kuthelekiswa ne-nickel-cadmium (NiMH) ibhetri elahlekelwa yi-20% ngenyanga.

Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri ze-lithium zikwanayo ne-electrolyte enokutsha enokubangela imililo yebhetri encinci.Yiyo le nto eyabangela ukutsha kwe-smartphone ye-Samsung Note 7 edume kakubi, eyanyanzela i-Samsung ukuba ikhuphe imveliso kwayeulahlekelwe i-$ 26bn kwixabiso lemarike.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba oku akwenzekanga kwiibhetri ezinkulu ze-lithium.

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion nazo zibiza kakhulu ukuvelisa, njengoko zinokubiza phantse I-40% ngaphezulu ukuvelisa kuneebhetri ze-nickel-cadmium.

Abakhuphisana nabo

I-Lithium-ion ijongene nokhuphiswano oluvela kwinani lobuchwepheshe obunye bebhetri, uninzi lwabo lukwinqanaba lophuhliso.Enye indlela enjalo ziibhetri ezisebenza ngamanzi etyuwa.

Ngaphantsi kophuhliso yi-Aquon Energy, zenziwe ngamanzi etyuwa, i-manganese oxide kunye nomqhaphu ukwenza into eyenziwe kusetyenziswa 'izinto ezininzi, izinto ezingenatyhefu kunye neendlela zanamhlanje zokuvelisa ixabiso eliphantsi.'Ngenxa yoku, zizo kuphela iibhetri emhlabeni eziqinisekisiweyo zokuzala.

Ngokufanayo nobuchwephesha be-Aquon, i-AquaBattery's 'Blue Battery' isebenzisa umxube wetyuwa kunye namanzi ahlaziyekileyo ahamba kwiinwebu ukugcina amandla.Ezinye iintlobo zebhetri ezinokubakho ziquka iibhetri zeBristol Robotics Laboratory ezisebenza ngomchamo kunye nebhetri yelithium ion yeYunivesithi yaseCalifornia Riverside esebenzisa isanti kunegraphite yeanode, ekhokelela kwibhetri enamandla ngokuphindwe kathathu kunomgangatho woshishino.