Yintoni iNkqubo yoLawulo lwebhetri?

Ingcaciso

Inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri (BMS) bubuchwephesha obunikezelwe ekongameleni kwepakethi yebhetri, eyindibano yeeseli zebhetri, zicwangciswe ngombane kumqolo x ulungelelwaniso lwekholamu yekholamu yekholamu ukwenzela ukuba unikezelo loluhlu olujoliswe kumandla ombane kunye nolwangoku ixesha elide ngokuchaseneyo. iimeko zomthwalo olindelekileyo.Ulongamelo olubonelelwa yi-BMS ludla ngokubandakanya:

• Ukubeka iliso kwibhetri
• Ukubonelela ngokhuseleko lwebhetri
• Ukuqikelela imeko yokusebenza kwebhetri
• Qhubeka nokuphucula ukusebenza kwebhetri
• Ingxelo yobume bokusebenza kwizixhobo zangaphandle

Apha, igama elithi "ibhetri" lithetha yonke ipakethe;nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yokubeka iliso kunye nokulawula isetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwiiseli zomntu ngamnye, okanye amaqela eeseli ezibizwa ngokuba ziimodyuli kwindibano yebhetri epheleleyo.Iiseli eziphinda zitshajwe yi-lithium-ion zinoxinano lwamandla aphezulu kwaye lukhetho oluqhelekileyo lweepakethi zebhetri kwiimveliso ezininzi zabathengi, ukusuka kwiilaptops ukuya kwizithuthi zombane.Ngelixa zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, zisenokungaxoleli ukuba ziqhutywa ngaphandle kwendawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo (SOA), eneziphumo ukusuka ekubekeni phantsi ukusebenza kwebhetri ukuya kwiziphumo eziyingozi.I-BMS ngokuqinisekileyo inocelomngeni lwenkcazo yomsebenzi, kwaye ukuntsonkotha kwayo ngokubanzi kunye nokufikelela okongamela kunokufikelela kwiinkalo ezininzi ezinjengombane, idijithali, ulawulo, i-thermal, kunye nehydraulic.

Zisebenza Njani Iinkqubo Zolawulo Lwebhetri?

Iisistim zolawulo lwebhetri azinaseti emiselweyo okanye eyodwa yemigaqo ekufuneka yamkelwe.Umda woyilo lwetekhnoloji kunye neempawu eziphunyeziweyo zihambelana ngokubanzi:

• Iindleko, ukuntsonkotha, kunye nobukhulu bebhetri
• Ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri kunye naluphi na ukhuseleko, ixesha lokuphila, kunye neenkxalabo zewaranti
• Iimfuno zesatifikethi ezivela kwimimiselo eyahlukeneyo karhulumente apho iindleko kunye nezohlwayo zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba kukho amanyathelo afanelekileyo okhuseleko asebenzayo

Zininzi iifitsha zoyilo lweBMS, kunye nolawulo lokhuseleko lwebhetri kunye nolawulo lwamandla zibe ziimpawu ezimbini ezibalulekileyo.Siza kuxoxa ngendlela ezi mpawu zimbini zisebenza ngayo apha.Ulawulo lokukhusela ipakethe yebhetri ineendawo ezimbini eziphambili: ukukhuselwa kombane, oku kuthetha ukungavumeli ibhetri ukuba yonakaliswe ngokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwe-SOA yayo, kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-thermal, okubandakanya ukulawulwa kokushisa okusebenzayo kunye / okanye okusebenzayo ukugcina okanye ukuzisa ipakethi kwi-SOA yayo.

Ukhuseleko loLawulo loMbane: Okwangoku

Ukubeka iliso kwipakethi yebhetri yangoku kunye neevolthi zeseli okanye zemodyuli yindlela yokhuseleko lombane.I-SOA yombane yayo nayiphi na iseli yebhetri ibotshelelwe ngoku kunye nombane.Umzobo we-1 ubonisa i-SOA ye-lithium-ion cell eqhelekileyo, kunye ne-BMS eyilwe kakuhle iya kukhusela ipakethe ngokuthintela ukusebenza ngaphandle kokulinganiswa kweeseli zomenzi.Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuncitshiswa okungaphezulu kunokusetyenziswa ukuze uhlale ngaphakathi kwendawo ekhuselekileyo ye-SOA ngomdla wokukhuthaza ubomi obungaphaya bebhetri.

Iiseli ze-lithium-ion zinemida eyahlukileyo yangoku yokutshaja kunokukhutshwa, kwaye zombini iindlela ziyakwazi ukusingatha imisinga ephezulu, nangona ixesha elifutshane.Abavelisi beeseli zebhetri badla ngokuchaza ubuninzi bokutshaja kunye nokukhupha imida yangoku, kunye nencopho yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha imida yangoku.I-BMS ebonelela ngokhuseleko lwangoku ngokuqinisekileyo iya kusebenzisa owona msinga uphezulu oqhubekayo.Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwandulelwa kwi-akhawunti yokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kweemeko zomthwalo;umzekelo, ukukhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza kwesithuthi sombane.I-BMS inokubandakanya incopho yangoku yokubekwa kweliso ngokudibanisa langoku kunye nasemva kwexesha le-delta, ithathe isigqibo sokunciphisa umsinga okhoyo okanye ukuphazamisa ipakethi yangoku ngokupheleleyo.Oku kuvumela i-BMS ukuba ibe novakalelo oluphantse lube kwangoko kwiincopho zangoku ezigqithisileyo, ezinje ngemeko yesekethe emfutshane engakhange ithathe ngqalelo yazo naziphi na iifusi zabahlali, kodwa ikwazi nokuxolela iimfuno eziphezulu zencopho, lo gama nje zingagqithisi kakhulu. ixesha elide.

Ukukhuselwa koLawulo loMbane: Umbane

Umzobo we-2 ubonisa ukuba iseli ye-lithium-ion kufuneka isebenze ngaphakathi kwinqanaba elithile lombane.Le mida ye-SOA ekugqibeleni iya kugqitywa yi-chemistry yangaphakathi yeseli ekhethiweyo ye-lithium-ion kunye nobushushu beeseli nangaliphi na ixesha.Ngaphezu koko, kuba nayiphi na ipakethi yebhetri ifumana isixa esibalulekileyo sokuhamba ngebhayisikile yangoku, ukukhupha ngenxa yeemfuno zomthwalo kunye nokutshaja okuvela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandla, le mida yamandla ombane e-SOA ikholisa ukunyanzelwa ngakumbi ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri.I-BMS kufuneka yazi ukuba yintoni le mida kwaye iya kuyalela izigqibo ezisekelwe ekubeni kufutshane kule miqobo.Ngokomzekelo, xa usondela kumda wombane ophezulu, i-BMS inokucela ukucuthwa ngokuthe ngcembe komsinga wokutshaja, okanye inokucela ukuba umbane wokutshaja upheliswe ngokupheleleyo ukuba umda ufinyelelwe.Nangona kunjalo, lo mda uhlala ukhatshwa yingqwalasela eyongezelelweyo yangaphakathi yombane we-hysteresis ukuthintela incoko yolawulo malunga nomda wokuvala.Kwelinye icala, xa usondela kumda wombane ophantsi, i-BMS iya kucela ukuba imithwalo ephambili ekhubekisayo inciphise iimfuno zabo zangoku.Kwimeko yesithuthi sombane, oku kunokwenziwa ngokunciphisa i-torque evumelekileyo ekhoyo kwi-motor traction motor.Ewe kunjalo, i-BMS kufuneka yenze ukhuseleko kumqhubi lube yeyona nto iphambili ngelixa ukhusela ipakethi yebhetri ukunqanda umonakalo osisigxina.

Ukukhuselwa koLawulo lweThermal: Ubushushu

Kwixabiso lobuso, kunokubonakala ngathi iiseli ze-lithium-ion zinomgangatho obanzi wokusebenza kweqondo lobushushu, kodwa umthamo webhetri ngokubanzi uyancipha kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kuba amazinga okusabela kweekhemikhali acotha ngokumangalisayo.Ngokubhekiselele kwisakhono kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, benza ngcono kakhulu kuneebhetri ze-lead-acid okanye i-NiMh;nangona kunjalo, ulawulo lobushushu luyimfuneko ngobulumko njengoko ukutshaja ngaphantsi kwe-0 °C (32 °F) kuyingxaki ngokwasemzimbeni.Isenzeko sokucwenga kwe-metallic lithium ingenzeka kwi-anode ngexesha lokutshaja okungaphantsi komkhenkce.Lo monakalo osisigxina kwaye awuphumeleli kuphela ekunciphiseni umthamo, kodwa iiseli zisengozini yokungaphumeleli xa ziphantsi kwe-vibration okanye ezinye iimeko ezixinzelelekileyo.I-BMS inokulawula ubushushu bepakethi yebhetri ngokufudumeza nokupholisa.

Ulawulo lwe-thermal oluphunyeziweyo luxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kubungakanani kunye neendleko zepakethi yebhetri kunye neenjongo zokusebenza, iinqobo zoyilo ze-BMS, kunye neyunithi yemveliso, enokuthi ibandakanye ukuqwalaselwa kwendawo ekujoliswe kuyo (umzekelo, iAlaska xa ithelekiswa neHawaii).Nokuba luhlobo luni lwesifudumezi, lusebenza ngakumbi ukutsala amandla kumthombo wamandla we-AC wangaphandle, okanye enye ibhetri ehlala kuyo enenjongo yokusebenzisa isifudumezi xa kuyimfuneko.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifudumezi sombane sinomzobo oqhelekileyo wangoku, amandla asuka kwibhetri ephambili anokutsalwa ukuze azifudumeze ngokwawo.Ukuba i-thermal hydraulic system iphunyeziwe, ke isifudumezi sombane sisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza isisipholisi esimpontshwayo kwaye sisasazwe kuyo yonke indibano yepakethi.

Iinjineli zoyilo lwe-BMS ngokungathandabuzekiyo zinamaqhinga orhwebo loyilo lwazo lokuthoba amandla obushushu kwipakethi.Umzekelo, ii-elektroniki ezahlukeneyo zamandla ngaphakathi kwe-BMS ezinikezelwe kulawulo lwamandla zinokuvulwa.Ngelixa ingasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo njengokufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo, inokunyuswa kungakhathaliseki.Ukupholisa kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ilahleko yokusebenza kwepakethi yebhetri ye-lithium-ion.Umzekelo, mhlawumbi ibhetri enikiweyo isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwi-20 ° C;ukuba ubushushu bepakethe bunyuka ukuya kuma-30 ° C, ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo kunokuncitshiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20%.Ukuba ipakethe ihlawulwe ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ihlaziywe kwi-45 ° C (113 ° F), ilahleko yokusebenza inokunyuka ukuya kwi-50 ephezulu.Ubomi bebhetri busenokuchaphazeleka kukuguga kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye nokuthotywa ukuba buhlala buvezwa ukuveliswa kobushushu obugqithisileyo, ngakumbi ngexesha lokutshaja okukhawulezayo kunye nokukhupha imijikelo.Ukupholisa kuvamise ukufezekiswa ngeendlela ezimbini, kukwenziwa okanye okusebenzayo, kwaye zombini ezo ndlela zinokusetyenziswa.Ukupholisa okungenziwayo kuxhomekeke kwintshukumo yokuhamba komoya ukupholisa ibhetri.Kwimeko yemoto yombane, oku kuthetha ukuba ihamba ngokulula kwindlela.Nangona kunjalo, inokuba yinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi kunokuba ibonakala, njengoko izinzwa zesantya somoya zinokudityaniswa kubuchule bokulungisa amadama omoya aguqukileyo ukuze kwandiswe ukuhamba komoya.Ukuphunyezwa kwefeni esebenzayo elawulwa yiqondo lobushushu kunokuncedisa kwizantya eziphantsi okanye xa isithuthi simile, kodwa konke oku kunokwenziwa kukulinganisa ipakethe kunye nobushushu obujikelezileyo.Kwimeko yosuku olutshisayo, oku kunokunyusa ubushushu bepakethi yokuqala.Ukupholisa okusebenzayo kwe-Thermal hydraulic kungenziwa njengenkqubo encedisayo, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-ethylene-glycol coolant kunye nomlinganiselo womxube ochaziweyo, ojikelezwe ngepompo yombane eqhutywa ngemoto ngemibhobho / imibhobho, ukusabalalisa ubuninzi, ukutshintshwa kobushushu obunqamlezileyo (radiator) , kunye nepleyiti yokupholisa ehlala ngokuchasene nendibano yebetri.I-BMS ijonga amaqondo obushushu kwipakethi iphela, kwaye ivule kwaye ivale iivalvu ezahlukeneyo ukugcina ubushushu bebhetri iyonke ngaphakathi kuluhlu olumxinwa lobushushu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwebhetri okona kulungileyo.

Ulawulo lweZakhono

Ukwandisa umthamo webhetri lolona phawu lubalulekileyo lokusebenza olubonelelwa yi-BMS.Ukuba olu lungiso alwenziwanga, ipakethi yebhetri ingazenza ingasebenzi.Ingcambu yalo mba kukuba ipakethe yebhetri "isitaki" (uthotho lweeseli) ayilingani ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye ngokwangaphakathi inokuvuza okwahlukileyo okanye amazinga okuzikhupha.Ukuvuza ayisosiphene somvelisi kodwa luphawu lwekhemistri yebhetri, nangona inokuchaphazeleka ngokwezibalo ukusuka kutshintsho lwemizuzu yenkqubo yokwenziwa.Ekuqaleni ipakethi yebhetri inokuba neeseli ezihambelana kakuhle, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukufana kweseli ukuya kwiseli kuye kwehla ngakumbi, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuzikhupha, kodwa kukwachaphazeleka kwintlawulo/ukukhupha ibhayisekile, ubushushu obuphakamileyo, kunye nokuguga kwekhalenda ngokubanzi.Ngaloo nto iqondwayo, khumbula kwangaphambili ingxoxo yokuba iiseli ze-lithium-ion zenza kakuhle, kodwa kunokuba zingaxoleli ukuba ziqhutywe ngaphandle kwe-SOA eqinile.Sifunde ngaphambili malunga nokukhuselwa kombane okufunekayo kuba iiseli ze-lithium-ion azijongani kakuhle nokutshaja ngokugqithisileyo.Nje ukuba zihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo, azinakwamkela naziphi na ezinye zangoku, kwaye nawaphi na amandla ongezelelweyo atyhalelwe kuwo atshintshelwa kubushushu, kunye nombane onokuthi unyuke ngokukhawuleza, mhlawumbi ukuya kumanqanaba ayingozi.Akuyona imeko ephilileyo yeseli kwaye inokubangela umonakalo osisigxina kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezingakhuselekanga ukuba ziyaqhubeka.

Uluhlu lweeseli zepakethi yebhetri yeyona nto imisela umbane wepakethi iyonke, kwaye ukungahambelani phakathi kweeseli ezimeleneyo kudala ingxaki xa uzama ukuhlawulisa nasiphi na isitaki.Umzobo 3 ubonisa ukuba kutheni kunjalo.Ukuba umntu uneseti elungelelene ngokugqibeleleyo yeeseli, konke kulungile njengoko nganye iya kuhlawulisa ngendlela elinganayo, kwaye umsinga wokutshaja unokunqunyulwa xa umyinge wokunqunyulwa kombane ongaphezulu we-4.0 ufinyelelwe.Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko engalinganiyo, iseli ephezulu iya kufikelela kumda wentlawulo kwangethuba, kwaye umbane wokutshaja kufuneka upheliswe umlenze ngaphambi kokuba ezinye iiseli eziphantsi zihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo.

I-BMS yiyiphi amanyathelo kwaye igcina imini, okanye ipakethe yebhetri kule meko.Ukubonisa indlela oku kusebenza ngayo, inkcazo ephambili kufuneka icaciswe.I-state-of-charge (SOC) yeseli okanye imodyuli ngexesha elithile lilingana nentlawulo ekhoyo ngokumalunga nentlawulo epheleleyo xa ihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo.Ngoko ke, ibhetri ehlala kwi-50% ye-SOC ithetha ukuba i-50% ihlawuliswe, nto leyo ifana ne-fuel gauge figure of merit.Ulawulo lwamandla e-BMS lumalunga nokulungelelanisa ukwahluka kwe-SOC kwi-stack nganye kwindibano yepakethi.Kuba i-SOC ingelobungakanani obunokumetwa ngokuthe ngqo, inokuqikelelwa ngobuchule obahlukeneyo, kunye neskimu sokulungelelanisa ngokwaso ngokubanzi siwela kwiindidi ezimbini eziphambili, ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo.Kukho iinguqu ezininzi zemixholo, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lunezinto ezilungileyo kunye nezingalunganga.Kuxhomekeke kwinjineli yoyilo ye-BMS ukuba igqibe ukuba yeyiphi eyona ifanelekileyo kwipakethi yebhetri enikiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.I-Passive balancing yeyona ilula ukuyiphumeza, kunye nokucacisa ingqikelelo yokulungelelanisa ngokubanzi.Indlela yokwenziwa ivumela iseli nganye ekwistakhi ukuba ibe nomthamo ofanayo wokutshaja njengeyona seli ibuthathaka.Isebenzisa i-current ephantsi, ivala inani elincinci lamandla ukusuka kwiiseli ze-SOC eziphezulu ngexesha lomjikelo wokutshaja ukuze zonke iiseli zihlawule kwi-SOC yazo ephezulu.Umzobo 4 ubonisa indlela oku kwenziwa ngayo yiBMS.Ibeka iliso kwiseli nganye kwaye isebenzise iswitshi ye-transistor kunye ne-resistor yokukhupha ngokufanelekileyo ngokuhambelana neseli nganye.Xa i-BMS iva ukuba iseli enikiweyo isondela kumda wentlawulo yayo, iyakujika umsinga ogqithileyo ukujikeleza ukuya kwiseli elandelayo engezantsi ngendlela ephezulu-phantsi.

Iisiphelo zenkqubo yokulinganisa, ngaphambi nasemva, ziboniswe kuMfanekiso 5. Isishwankathelo, i-BMS ibhalansisa isitakhi sebhetri ngokuvumela iseli okanye imodyuli kwisitaki ukuba ibone umjelo wokutshaja owahlukileyo kunomjelo wokutshaja ngenye yezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Ukususwa kwentlawulo kwezona seli zihlawuliswa kakhulu, nto leyo enika indawo yokutshaja eyongezelelweyo yangoku ukuthintela ukutshaja, kwaye ivumela iiseli ezingahlawuliswanga kakhulu ukuba zifumana ukutshaja okungaphezulu ngoku.
• Ukwalathiswa ngokutsha kwezinye okanye phantse wonke umsinga wokutshaja ojikeleze ezona seli zitshaja kakhulu, ngaloo ndlela kuvumela iiseli ezingahlawuliswanga kakhulu ukuba zifumane umsinga wokutshaja ixesha elide.

Iindidi zeeNkqubo zoLawulo lweBattery

Iinkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri ziqala ukusuka kokulula ukuya kokuntsonkotha kwaye zinokwamkela uluhlu olubanzi lweetekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo ukufezekisa ulwalathiso lwabo oluphambili "lokukhathalela ibhetri."Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkqubo zinokuhlelwa ngokusekwe kwi-topology yazo, enxulumene nendlela ezifakwa ngayo kwaye zisebenza ngayo kwiiseli okanye iimodyuli kwipakethi yebhetri.

Embindini weBMS Architecture

Ine-BMS enye esembindini kwindibano yebetri.Zonke iipakethe zebhetri ziqhagamshelwe ngqo kwi-BMS esembindini.Ubume be-BMS esembindini buboniswe kuMfanekiso 6. I-BMS esembindini ineenzuzo ezithile.Ixinene ngakumbi, kwaye ithande ukonga kakhulu kuba kukho i-BMS enye kuphela.Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezingeloncedo kwi-BMS esembindini.Ekubeni zonke iibhetri zixhunyiwe kwi-BMS ngokuthe ngqo, i-BMS idinga amaninzi amachweba ukuze adibanise nazo zonke iipakethi zebhetri.Oku kuguqulela kwiingcingo ezininzi, iikhewubhuli, iziqhagamshelo, njl.njl. kwiipakethi zebhetri ezinkulu, nto leyo eyenza nzima ukusombulula ingxaki kunye nolungiso.

I-Modyuli ye-BMS Topology

Ngokufana nozalisekiso olusembindini, i-BMS yohlulwe yaziimodyuli ezininzi eziphindiweyo, nganye inenqwaba yeengcingo ezinikezelweyo kunye noqhagamshelo kwinxalenye eyabelweyo esecaleni yesitaki sebhetri.Jonga uMfanekiso 7. Kwezinye iimeko, ezi submodyuli ze-BMS zinokuhlala phantsi kolawulo lwemodyuli ye-BMS engundoqo umsebenzi wayo ikukubeka esweni ubume beemodyuli ezingaphantsi kunye nokunxibelelana nezixhobo zeperipheral.Enkosi kwimodyuli ephindiweyo, ukulungisa ingxaki kunye nokugcinwa kulula, kwaye ukongezwa kwiipakethi ezinkulu zebhetri kuqondile.Icala elisezantsi lilonke iindleko ziphezulu kancinane, kwaye kusenokubakho ukuphinda-phinda ukusebenza okungasetyenziswanga ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo.

I-BMS yokuqala/ephantsi

Ngokwengqiqo efana ne-modular topology, nangona kunjalo, kule meko, amakhoboka athintelwe ngakumbi ekudluliseleni ulwazi lomlinganiselo, kwaye inkosi izinikele ekubaleni nasekulawuleni, kunye nonxibelelwano lwangaphandle.Ke, ngelixa njengeentlobo zeemodyuli, iindleko zinokuba sezantsi kuba ukusebenza kwamakhoboka kuthanda ukuba lula, kunye ne-overhead engaphantsi kunye neempawu ezimbalwa ezingasetyenziswanga.

Ukusasazwa kweBMS Architecture

Yahluke kakhulu kwezinye ii-topology, apho ihardware ye-elektroniki kunye nesoftware zifakwe kwiimodyuli ezijongana neeseli ngeebhandle zeentambo ezincanyathiselweyo.I-BMS esasazwayo ibandakanya yonke i-hardware ye-elektroniki kwibhodi yokulawula ebekwe ngokuthe ngqo kwiseli okanye imodyuli ebekwe esweni.Oku kunciphisa ubuninzi bekhebhuli kwiintambo zoluvo ezimbalwa kunye neengcingo zonxibelelwano phakathi kweemodyuli ezikufutshane ze-BMS.Ngenxa yoko, i-BMS nganye izimele ngakumbi, kwaye ijongana nezibalo kunye nonxibelelwano njengoko kufuneka.Nangona kunjalo, nangona oku kubonakala kulula, le fomu edibeneyo yenza ukuba ukujongana neengxaki kunye nokugcinwa kube yingxaki, njengoko ihlala ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwindibano yemodyuli yekhaka.Iindleko nazo zithande ukuba phezulu njengoko kukho ii-BMS ezininzi kubume bebhetri iyonke.

Ukubaluleka kweeNkqubo zoLawulo lwebhetri

Ukhuseleko olusebenzayo lubaluleke kakhulu kwi-BMS.Kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha umsebenzi, ukukhusela i-voltage, yangoku, kunye nobushushu bayo nayiphi na iseli okanye imodyuli phantsi kolawulo lokulawula ukusuka ngaphaya kwemida echaziweyo ye-SOA.Ukuba imida igqithelwe ixesha elide, ayipheleli nje ekuphosweni kwebhetri enexabiso eliphezulu, kodwa iimeko ezinobungozi zokubaleka kusenokuvela.Ngaphezu koko, imida esezantsi yamandla ombane ikwajongwa ngokungqongqo ukuze kukhuselwe iiseli ze-lithium-ion kunye nokhuseleko olusebenzayo.Ukuba ibhetri ye-Li-ion ihlala kule meko ye-voltage ephantsi, ii-dendrites zethusi zinokukhula ekugqibeleni kwi-anode, ezinokubangela ukuba kuphakame izinga lokuzikhupha kwaye kuphakamise ukukhathazeka okunokwenzeka kokhuseleko.Ubuninzi bamandla obuninzi beenkqubo ze-lithium-ion powered ziza kwixabiso elishiya indawo encinci yempazamo yokulawula ibhetri.Ngenxa ye-BMSs, kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-lithium-ion, le yenye yezona khemistri ziphumelele kwaye zikhuselekile zebhetri ezikhoyo namhlanje.

Ukusebenza kwebhetri lolona phawu lulandelayo lubalulekileyo lwe-BMS, kwaye oku kubandakanya ulawulo lombane kunye nobushushu.Ukwandisa ngombane umthamo webhetri iyonke, zonke iiseli ezikwipakethi ziyafuneka ukuba zilungelelane, nto leyo ethetha ukuba i-SOC yeeseli ezimeleneyo kuyo yonke indibano ziphantse zilingane.Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba ayipheleli nje ekufezekiseni ubukhulu bebhetri, kodwa inceda ukunqanda ukuthotywa jikelele kunye nokunciphisa iindawo ezinokubakhona ekutshajweni kweeseli ezibuthathaka.Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion kufuneka zithintele ukukhutshwa ngaphantsi kwemilinganiselo yombane ophantsi, njengoko oku kunokubangela iziphumo zememori kunye nokulahleka okukhulu kwamandla.Iinkqubo ze-Electrochemical zichaphazeleka kakhulu kubushushu, kwaye iibhetri azikho nto.Xa ubushushu bemeko yendawo busihla, umthamo kunye namandla ebhetri akhoyo aqengqeleka kakhulu.Ngenxa yoko, i-BMS inokusebenzisa isifudumezi sangaphandle esihlala kuyo, yithi, inkqubo yokupholisa engamanzi yebhetri yesithuthi sombane, okanye iipleyiti zesifudumezi ezivulelekileyo ezifakwe ngaphantsi kweemodyuli zepakethi ezifakwe kwinqwelo-ntaka okanye enye into. inqwelo-moya.Ukongeza, ekubeni ukutshaja iiseli ze-lithium-ion ezibandayo kuyonakalisa ukusebenza kobomi bebhetri, kubalulekile ukuba uqale uphakamise ubushushu bebhetri ngokwaneleyo.Uninzi lweeseli ze-lithium-ion azikwazi ukubizwa ngokukhawuleza xa zingaphantsi kwe-5 ° C kwaye akufanele zihlawuliswe kwaphela xa zingaphantsi kwe-0 ° C.Ukuze usebenze ngeyona ndlela iphezulu ngexesha losetyenziso oluqhelekileyo, ulawulo lobushushu be-BMS luhlala luqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri isebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza yeGoldilocks emxinwa (umz. 30 – 35°C).Oku kukhusela ukusebenza, kukhuthaza ubomi obude, kwaye kukhuthaza impilo, ipakethe yebhetri ethembekileyo.

IiNzuzo zeNkqubo yoLawulo lwebhetri

Inkqubo yonke yokugcina amandla ebhetri, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-BESS, inokwenziwa ngamashumi, amakhulu, okanye amawaka eeseli ze-lithium-ion ezipakishwe ngobuchule kunye, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo.Ezi nkqubo zinokuba ne-voltage rating engaphantsi kwe-100V, kodwa ingaba phezulu njenge-800V, kunye nemisinga yokubonelela ngepakethi ukuya kwi-300A okanye ngaphezulu.Nakuphi na ukuphathwa kakubi kwepakethi yamandla ombane aphezulu kunokukhokelela kwintlekele esongela ubomi, eyintlekele.Ngenxa yoko, ii-BMS zibaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.Iinzuzo zee-BMS zinokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

• Ukhuseleko oluSebenzayo.Izandla eziphantsi, kwifomati enkulu yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kubalulekile.Kodwa neefomati ezincinci ezisetyenziswayo, yithi, iilaptops, zaziwa ngokubamba umlilo kwaye zibangele umonakalo omkhulu.Ukhuseleko lomntu siqu lwabasebenzisi beemveliso ezibandakanya iinkqubo ze-lithium-ion powered zishiya indawo encinci yempazamo yokulawula ibhetri.
• Ixesha loBomi kunye nokuthembeka.Ulawulo lokukhusela ipakethe yebhetri, umbane kunye ne-thermal, iqinisekisa ukuba zonke iiseli zisetyenziswa ngaphakathi kweemfuno ze-SOA ezichaziweyo.Olu qwalaselo lucekeceke luqinisekisa ukuba iiseli zikhathalelwe ngokusetyenziswa ngokundlongondlongo kunye nokutshaja okukhawulezayo nokukhupha ibhayisekile, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kukhokelela kwinkqubo ezinzileyo enokuthi ibonelele iminyaka emininzi yenkonzo ethembekileyo.
• Ukusebenza kunye noluhlu.Ulawulo lomthamo webhetri ye-BMS, apho ulungelelwaniso lweseli-ukuya-kwiseli lusetyenziselwe ukulinganisa i-SOC yeeseli ezimeleneyo kuyo yonke indibano yepakethi, ivumela elona xabiso liphezulu lebhetri liphunyezwe.Ngaphandle kolu phawu lwe-BMS ukujongana nokwahluka kokuzikhupha, ukuhlawulisa/ukukhupha ibhayisekile, iziphumo zobushushu, kunye nokwaluphala ngokubanzi, ipakethi yebhetri inokuzenza ingasebenzi.
• Ukuxilongwa, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha, kunye noNxibelelwano lwangaphandle.Imisebenzi yokongamela ibandakanya ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo kwazo zonke iiseli zebhetri, apho ukugawulwa kwedatha kunokusetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kujoliswe kumsebenzi wokubala ukuqikelela i-SOC yazo zonke iiseli kwindibano.Olu lwazi luxhaswe ngokulungelelanisa i-algorithms, kodwa ngokudibeneyo lunokuthi ludluliselwe kwizixhobo zangaphandle kunye nemiboniso ukubonisa amandla ahlalayo akhoyo, uqikelelo olulindelekileyo okanye uluhlu / ubomi obusekelwe kusetyenziso lwangoku, kunye nokubonelela ngemeko yempilo yebhetri yepakethe.
• Iindleko kunye nokuNcitshiswa kweWaranti.Ukuqaliswa kwe-BMS kwi-BESS yongeza iindleko, kwaye iipakethi zebhetri zibiza kwaye zinokuba yingozi.Okukhona intsonkothe ​​ngakumbi le nkqubo, kokukhona ziphezulu iimfuno zokhuseleko, okukhokelela kwimfuno yobukho bolongamelo obungakumbi be-BMS.Kodwa ukukhuselwa kunye nokugcinwa kokukhusela kwe-BMS malunga nokhuseleko olusebenzayo, ixesha lokuphila kunye nokuthembeka, ukusebenza kunye noluhlu, ukuxilongwa, njl. njl. kuqinisekisa ukuba kuya kuqhuba iindleko ezipheleleyo, kubandakanywa nezo zihambelana newaranti.

IiNkqubo zoLawulo lwebhetri kunye neeSynopsy

Ukulinganisa liqabane elixabisekileyo kuyilo lwe-BMS, ngakumbi xa lusetyenziswa ekuphononongeni nasekulungiseni imingeni yoyilo kuphuhliso lwehardware, iprototyping, kunye novavanyo.Ngemodeli yeseli ye-lithium-ion echanekileyo edlalwayo, imodeli yokulinganisa ye-BMS ye-architecture yinkcazo ephunyeziweyo eyaziwayo njengeprototype ebonakalayo.Ukongeza, ukulinganisa kuvumela uphando olungenazintlungu lokwahluka kwemisebenzi yokongamela ye-BMS ngokuchasene nebhetri kunye neemeko zokusebenza kokusingqongileyo.Imiba yokuphunyezwa inokufunyanwa kwaye iphandwe kwangoko kakhulu, evumela ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko olusebenzayo ukuba kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuphunyezwa kwiprototype yokwenyani yehardware.Oku kunciphisa ixesha lophuhliso kwaye kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iprototype yokuqala ye-hardware iya kuba yomelele.Ukongeza, iimvavanyo ezininzi zokuqinisekisa, kubandakanywa iimeko ezimbi kakhulu, zinokuqhutywa kwi-BMS kunye nepakethe yebhetri xa isenziwa kwizicelo zenkqubo edibeneyo engokoqobo.

Synopsys SaberRDibonelela ngombane obanzi, idijithali, ulawulo, kunye namathala eencwadi emodeli ye-hydraulic eshushu ukuxhobisa iinjineli ezinomdla kwi-BMS kunye noyilo lwepakethi yebhetri kunye nophuhliso.Izixhobo ziyafumaneka ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza iimodeli ukusuka kwisiseko sedatha yedatha kunye neegophe zokulinganisa kwizixhobo ezininzi zombane kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zekhemistri yebhetri.Uhlalutyo lwezibalo, uxinzelelo, kunye nesiphoso sokuqinisekiswa kwemvume kuzo zonke iinkalo zommandla wokusebenza, kubandakanywa neendawo zomda, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwe-BMS ngokubanzi.Ngaphaya koko, imizekelo emininzi yoyilo ibonelelwa ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba batsibe iprojekthi kwaye bafikelele ngokukhawuleza kwiimpendulo ezifunekayo kukulinganisa.