I-China iyaqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ochungechungeni lwezimboni zamandla amasha: abahlaziyi
Amachibi okuphuza emayini ye-Lithium yomkhiqizi wendawo e-Calama, esifundeni sase-Antofagasta, eChile.Isithombe: VCG
Phakathi nokuphishekelwa komhlaba wonke kwemithombo yamandla emisha yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, amabhethri e-lithium avumela ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla abe avelele ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene kusukela kuma-smartphone kuya ezimotweni zikagesi (EVs).
I-Argentina, iBolivia, neChile, amazwe aseNingizimu Melika akhiqiza i-lithium “ABC”, kubikwa ukuthi acubungula izinqubomgomo ezihlanganyelwe zokusetha intengo yokuthengisa le minerali ngokusebenzisa umfelandawonye ofana ne-Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), indawo yezindaba i-cankaoxiaoxi. com ibike ngempelasonto, icaphuna umbiko we-Agencia EFE.
Ithemba liwukuthonya amanani entengo ye-lithium ngendlela efanayo ne-OPEC ebeka ngayo amazinga okukhiqiza ukuze abe nomthelela entengo kawoyela ongahluziwe, kusho umbiko.
Ngokuhambisana nemigqa efanayo, ongqongqoshe bamazwe amathathu bafuna ukuvumelana ngamanani futhi bavumelanise izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nokubeka imihlahlandlela yezinqubo ezibhekana nentuthuko esimeme yezimboni, zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, ngokusho kombiko.
Izintengo ezinzile
Inhloso yomfelandawonye we-lithium ukugwema ukuntengantenga kwentengo, okunomthelela omkhulu kubahlinzeki be-lithium, uZhang Xiang, umcwaningi e-Research Center of Automobile Industry Innovation yaseNorth China University of Technology, etshela i-Global Times ngeSonto.
Umfelandawonye we-lithium ofana ne-OPEC cishe uzokwazi ukubamba iqhaza ekusimamiseni amanani ezinsiza ze-lithium, u-Chen Jia, ongumcwaningi ozimele ngamasu omhlaba, utshele i-Global Times ngeSonto.
Ngokusho kwe-International Energy Agency (IEA), uchungechunge olusha lokunikezwa kwamandla lungahlukaniswa cishe izingxenye ezinhlanu: izimayini, ukucubungula impahla, izingxenye zamaseli, amaseli ebhethri kanye nokukhiqizwa okufana nokukhiqizwa kwama-EV.
Umfelandawonye uzoba nomthelela oqondile ekukhuphukeni kwezimboni ezikhiqiza amandla amasha - ezezimayini, kusho abahlaziyi.I-Argentina, iBolivia, neChile zenza cishe amaphesenti angama-65 ezindawo zokugcina i-lithium ezifakazelwe emhlabeni, kanti ukukhiqizwa kufinyelela kumaphesenti angama-29.5 engqikithi yomhlaba ngo-2020, ngokusho kwemibiko yabezindaba.
I-China, nokho, ibusa ezansi kochungechunge lokuphakelwa kwamandla amasha, ngokusho kwe-IEA.Amaketango anamuhla okuhlinzeka ngamabhethri namaminerali azungeza i-China.I-China ikhiqiza amaphesenti angama-75 awo wonke amabhethri e-lithium-ion emhlabeni.Ngenkathi i-China ingumthengi omkhulu we-lithium ore, ingenisa amaphesenti angama-65 we-lithium feedstock.Cishe amaphesenti angu-6 okuthengwa kwe-lithium carbonate yaseChina avela eChile namaphesenti angu-37 avela e-Argentina, ngokwemibiko yabezindaba.
Ngakho-ke, abahlaziyi baphinde bathi nakuba umfelandawonye we-lithium ungasiza ukuzinzisa amanani nokukhiqiza, ukubambisana okwengeziwe nokuhlanganiswa kwezimboni, ikakhulukazi ne-China, kunomthelela ekuzinzeni kokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke kanye namaketanga ezimboni.
Ukubambisana kwe-Supply chain
Yize amabhethri e-lithium eyizinsika zamabhethri e-EV kanye nemoto entsha yamandla (NEV), intengo ye-lithium izokwehla uma ezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri seziqala ukungena emakethe, kusho uZhang.
“Umbimbi lungabamba iqhaza engxoxweni eqondile nezinkampani ze-EV kanye ne-NEV, futhi izinhlangothi zombili azikwazi ukuxoxisana hhayi nje ngentengo;kodwa futhi nendlela yokuthuthukisa kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zamabhethri e-lithium esikhathini esizayo,” kusho uZhang.
I-China, njengomkhiqizi omkhulu we-NEV kanye nemakethe yokuthengisa iminyaka, izohlinzeka ngamathuba amakhulu okubambisana, kusho abahlaziyi.Ngo-2025, i-China kulindeleke ukuthi ithengise ama-NEV ayizigidi eziyisi-7.5, okwenza amaphesenti angama-48 esabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke, ngokusho kwe-IEA.
Abahlaziyi baphawule ukuthi ukubambisana phakathi kwe-Argentina, iBolivia neChile neChina kubalulekile, njengoba la mazwe amathathu enza cishe amaphesenti angama-30 okukhiqizwa kwe-lithium emhlabeni wonke, kanti i-Australia ibalwa namasheya amaningi asele.
I-lithium ivamise ukukhishwa emaflethini kasawoti aseNingizimu Melika ngokumpompa amanzi anosawoti emachibini bese kucutshungulwa i-lithium, ecwebezelayo lapho amanzi ehwamuka.Kuthatha isikhathi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ukwakha ingqalasizinda, lapho iChina ingaba umlingani wesikhathi eside, kusho abahlaziyi.
Umfelandawonye we-lithium, uma usungulwe ngempumelelo, ungahlehlisa ukulawulwa nokucindezelwa kwaseNtshonalanga emazweni ezinsiza ze-lithium, uma kubhekwa isikhundla esiphambili samazwe amathathu abekiwe, kusho uChen.
Kepha ukungaqiniseki kusasele mayelana nokusungulwa komfelandawonye wamanani e-lithium, kuxwayise abahlaziyi.
“Okwamanje, izinsiza ze-lithium azikafinyeleli esisindweni samasu semithombo ye-petroleum.Khonamanjalo, inkinga yakamuva yamandla ivimbele ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba wonke kochungechunge lwezimboni zamandla amasha esikhathini esifushane,” kusho uChen.
Ngokusho kwalo cwaningo, kunezithiyo ezisebenzayo zokuhlanganisa izinqubomgomo zokukhiqiza nezezimboni kulawa mazwe amathathu.Akulula ukuvumelanisa umthamo wokukhiqiza nenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, njengangaphakathi kwe-OPEC.
Noma ngabe umfelandawonye we-lithium ungenziwa ube semthethweni, awukwazi ukusho ngokushesha intengo ye-lithium ore, uma kubhekwa ingxenye encane ekukhiqizweni kwe-lithium, u-Bai Wenxi, isazi sezomnotho esikhulu se-IPG China, utshele iGlobal Times ngeSonto.
Umsebenzi wasemayini uthatha amasampula amanzi echibini lamanzi anosawoti emayini yasendaweni ye-Lithium e-Calama, esifundeni sase-Antofagasta, eChile.Isithombe: VCG
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-24-2022