Umhlaba udinga amandla engeziwe, okungcono ngendlela ehlanzekile nevuselelekayo.Amasu ethu okugcina amandla okwamanje akhelwe amabhethri e-lithium-ion - ekugcineni kobuchwepheshe obunjalo - kodwa yini esingabheka phambili kuyo eminyakeni ezayo?
Ake siqale ngezinye izisekelo zebhethri.Ibhethri iphakethe leseli elilodwa noma amaningi, ngalinye line-electrode ephozithivu (i-cathode), i-electrode engalungile (i-anode), isihlukanisi kanye ne-electrolyte.Ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali ahlukene nezinto ezisetshenziswayo kulokhu kuthinta izici zebhethri - ukuthi angakanani amandla engakwazi ukuwagcina kanye nokuwakhipha, ukuthi angakanani amandla engawanikeza noma inani lezikhathi lapho ingashajwa futhi ishajwe kabusha (okubizwa nangokuthi umthamo wamabhayisikili).
Izinkampani zamabhethri zihlala zizama ukuthola amakhemikhali ashibhile, aminyene, alula futhi anamandla kakhulu.Sikhulume noPatrick Bernard - Umqondisi Wocwaningo we-Saft, owachaza ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri obunamandla okuguqula.
AMABHHTHARI E-LITHIUM-ION YESIZUKU ESISHA
Kwenzenjani?
Kumabhethri e-lithium-ion (li-ion), ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nokukhululwa kunikezwa ukunyakaza kwe-lithium ion ukusuka ku-positive kuya ku-electrode engalungile emuva naphambili nge-electrolyte.Kulobu buchwepheshe, i-electrode eyakhayo isebenza njengomthombo wokuqala we-lithium kanye ne-electrode engalungile njengomsingathi we-lithium.Amakhemistri amaningana aqoqwa ngaphansi kwegama lamabhethri e-li-ion, njengomphumela wamashumi eminyaka okukhethwa nokwenza kahle eduze nokuphelela kwezinto ezisebenzayo nezingezinhle.I-Lithiated metal oxides noma ama-phosphates yizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinto ezikhona njengamanje.I-graphite, kodwa futhi i-graphite/silicon noma i-lithiated titanium oxides isetshenziswa njengezinto ezingezinhle.
Ngezinto zangempela kanye nemiklamo yamaseli, ubuchwepheshe be-li-ion kulindeleke ukuthi bufinyelele umkhawulo wamandla eminyakeni ezayo.Noma kunjalo, ukutholwa kwakamuva kwemindeni emisha yezinto eziphazamisayo ezisebenzayo kufanele kuvule imikhawulo yamanje.Lezi zinhlanganisela ezintsha zingagcina i-lithium eningi kuma-electrode amahle futhi angalungile futhi izovumela okokuqala ukuhlanganisa amandla namandla.Ukwengeza, ngalezi zinhlanganisela ezintsha, ukushoda kanye nokugxeka kwezinto ezingavuthiwe nakho kuyabhekwa.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zayo?
Namuhla, phakathi kwabo bonke ubuchwepheshe bokugcina bezinga eliphezulu, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-li-ion buvumela izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuminyana kwamandla.Imisebenzi efana nokushaja okusheshayo noma iwindi lokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa (-50°C kufika ku-125°C) ingacutshungulwa kahle ngokukhetha okukhulu kwedizayini yeseli namakhemistri.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri e-li-ion abonisa izinzuzo ezengeziwe njengokuzikhulula okuphansi kakhulu nokuphila okude kakhulu nokusebenza kwamabhayisikili, ngokuvamile izinkulungwane zemijikelezo yokushaja/yokukhipha.
Singakulindela nini?
Isizukulwane esisha samabhethri e-li-ion asethuthukile kulindeleke ukuthi asetshenziswe ngaphambi kwesizukulwane sokuqala samabhethri esimo esiqinile.Azoba kahle ukuthi asetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-Energy Storage Systemsokuvuselelekayonezokuthutha (osolwandle, ujantshi,ezondizakanye nokuhamba emgwaqeni) lapho amandla aphezulu, amandla aphezulu kanye nokuphepha kuyisibopho.
AMABHTHRI E-LITHIUM-SULUFUR
Kwenzenjani?
Kumabhethri e-li-ion, ama-ion e-lithium agcinwa ezintweni ezisebenzayo ezisebenza njengezakhiwo zokubamba ezinzile ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha.Kumabhethri e-lithium-sulfur (Li-S), azikho izakhiwo zokusingatha.Ngenkathi ikhipha, i-lithium anode iyadliwa futhi isulfure iguqulwa ibe yizinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali amakhemikhali;ngesikhathi sokushaja, inqubo yokuhlehla iyenzeka.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zayo?
Ibhethri ye-Li-S isebenzisa izinto ezisebenzayo ezilula kakhulu: isulfure ku-electrode ephozithivu kanye ne-metallic lithium njenge-electrode eyinegethivu.Kungakho ukuminyana kwamandla okucatshangelwayo kuphezulu ngokumangalisayo: bukhulu ngokuphindwe kane kunokwe-lithium-ion.Lokho kuyenza ilingane kahle nezimboni zezindiza nezemkhathi.
I-Saft ikhethe futhi yathanda ubuchwepheshe be-Li-S obuthembisa kakhulu obususelwe ku-electrolyte yesimo esiqinile.Le ndlela yobuchwepheshe iletha ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kakhulu, impilo ende futhi inqoba izithiyo eziyinhloko ze-Li-S esekelwe kuketshezi (impilo elinganiselwe, ukuzikhipha okuphezulu, ...).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buchwepheshe bunezela esimweni esiqinile se-lithium-ion ngenxa ye-gravimetric energy density ephakeme kakhulu (+30% esengozini ku-Wh/kg).
Singakulindela nini?
Izithiyo ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe sezinqotshiwe futhi nezinga lokuvuthwa liqhubekela phambili ngokushesha lifinyelele kuma-prototypes aphelele.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga impilo yebhethri ende, lobu buchwepheshe kulindeleke ukuthi bufinyelele emakethe ngemuva nje kwe-lithium-ion yesimo esiqinile.
AMABHHTHRI OMBUSO OQINILE
Kwenzenjani?
Amabhethri esimo esiqinile amele ukushintsha kwepharadigm ngokobuchwepheshe.Emabhethrini esimanje e-li-ion, ama-ion ahamba esuka kwenye i-electrode aye kwenye enqamula i-electrolyte enguketshezi (ebizwa nangokuthi i-ionic conductivity).Kuwo wonke amabhethri ombuso aqinile, i-electrolyte ewuketshezi ithathelwa indawo inhlanganisela eqinile evumela nokho ukuthi i-lithium ion ifuduke phakathi kwayo.Lo mqondo awusemusha, kodwa kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule - ngenxa yocwaningo olunzulu emhlabeni wonke - imindeni emisha yama-electrolyte aqinile iye yatholwa ene-ionic conductivity ephezulu kakhulu, efana ne-electrolyte ewuketshezi, okuvumela lo mgoqo othile wezobuchwepheshe ukuba unqotshwe.
Namuhla,I-SaftImizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko igxile ezinhlotsheni zezinto ezi-2 eziphambili: ama-polymers kanye nenhlanganisela ye-inorganic, ehlose ukusebenzisana kwezakhiwo ze-physico-chemical ezifana nokucutshungulwa, ukuzinza, ukusebenza kahle ...
Yiziphi izinzuzo zayo?
Inzuzo yokuqala enkulu iwukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo kokuphepha emazingeni eseli namabhethri: ama-electrolyte aqinile awashi lapho eshiswa, ngokungafani nozakwabo bamanzi.Okwesibili, ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha, zamandla kagesi aphezulu, okunika amandla amabhethri aminyene, alula aneshelufu elingcono lokuphila ngenxa yokuncishiswa kokuzikhipha.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezingeni lesistimu, izoletha izinzuzo ezengeziwe ezifana nemishini eyenziwe lula kanye nokuphathwa kwe-thermal nokuphepha.
Njengoba amabhethri angabonisa isilinganiso esiphezulu samandla nesisindo, angase alungele ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi.
Singakulindela nini?
Izinhlobo ezimbalwa zamabhethri ombuso aqinile kungenzeka eze emakethe njengoba ukuqhubeka kwezobuchwepheshe kuqhubeka.Eyokuqala kuzoba amabhethri ombuso aqinile anama-anode asuselwa ku-graphite, aletha ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwamandla nokuphepha.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obuqinile obulula obusebenzisa i-metallic lithium anode kufanele butholakale ngokwentengiso.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-03-2022