Luyini Uhlelo Lokuphatha Ibhethri?

Incazelo

Isistimu yokuphatha ibhethri (i-BMS) ubuchwepheshe obunikezelwe ekwengameleni kwephakethe lebhethri, okuyinhlanganisela yamaseli ebhethri, ahlelwe ngogesi ngomugqa x ukumiswa kwekholomu ye-matrix ukuze unike amandla ukulethwa kobubanzi obuhlosiwe bamandla kagesi kanye namandla isikhathi eside ngokumelene nebhethri. izimo zokulayisha ezilindelekile.Ukugada okuhlinzekwa yi-BMS kuvame ukuhlanganisa:

• Ukuqapha ibhethri
• Inikeza ukuvikelwa kwebhethri
• Ukulinganisa isimo sokusebenza kwebhethri
• Ngokuqhubekayo ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri
• Ukubika isimo sokusebenza kumadivayisi angaphandle

Lapha, igama elithi “ibhethri” lisho lonke iphakethe;Nokho, imisebenzi yokuqapha nokulawula isetshenziswa ngokukhethekile kumaseli ngamanye, noma amaqoqo amaseli abizwa ngokuthi amamojula ekuhlanganiseni kwephakethe lebhethri lilonke.Amaseli aphinde ashajwa i-lithium-ion anomthamo omkhulu wamandla futhi ayisinqumo esijwayelekile samaphakethe ebhethri emikhiqizweni eminingi yabathengi, kusukela kumalaptop kuya ezimotweni zikagesi.Nakuba zisebenza kahle kakhulu, zingase zingathetheleli uma zisetshenziswa ngaphandle kwendawo yokusebenza ephephile evamile (i-SOA), enemiphumela esukela ekonakaleni ukusebenza kwebhethri kuye emiphumeleni eyingozi.I-BMS impela inencazelo yomsebenzi eyinselele, futhi ubunkimbinkimbi bayo kanye nokufinyelela kokwengamela kungase kudlulele emikhakheni eminingi efana nogesi, idijithali, i-control, i-thermal, ne-hydraulic.

Asebenza Kanjani Amasistimu Okulawula Ibhethri?

Amasistimu okuphatha ibhethri awanayo isethi emisiwe noma ehlukile yemibandela okufanele yamukelwe.Ububanzi bedizayini yobuchwepheshe nezici ezisetshenzisiwe ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa nalokhu:

• Izindleko, ubunkimbinkimbi, nosayizi wephakethe lebhethri
• Ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri nanoma yikuphi ukuphepha, ubude bempilo, nokukhathazeka ngewaranti
• Izidingo zesitifiketi ezivela kumithetho ehlukahlukene kahulumeni lapho izindleko nezinhlawulo zibalulekile uma izinyathelo zokuphepha ezisebenzayo zinganele

Ziningi izici zedizayini ye-BMS, nokuphathwa kokuvikela iphakethe lebhethri nokuphathwa kwamandla okuyizici ezimbili ezibalulekile.Sizoxoxa ngokuthi lezi zici ezimbili zisebenza kanjani lapha.Ukuphathwa kwephekhi yebhethri yokuvikela kunezinkundla ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukuvikela ngogesi, okusho ukungavumeli ibhethri ukuthi lonakaliswe ngokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwe-SOA yayo, kanye nokuvikela okushisayo, okubandakanya ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa okungenzi lutho kanye/noma okusebenzayo ukugcina noma ukuletha iphekhi ku-SOA yayo.

Ukuvikelwa Kokulawulwa Kogesi: Okwamanje

Ukuqapha iphakethe lebhethri lamanje kanye nama-voltage eseli noma amamojula kuyindlela eya ekuvikelweni kukagesi.I-SOA kagesi yanoma iyiphi iseli yebhethri iboshelwe amandla amanje kanye ne-voltage.Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa iseli ye-lithium-ion evamile ye-SOA, futhi i-BMS eklanywe kahle izovikela iphekhi ngokuvimbela ukusebenza ngaphandle kwezilinganiso zamaseli womkhiqizi.Ezimweni eziningi, okunye ukwehliswa kungase kusetshenziswe ukuze uhlale ngaphakathi kwendawo ephephile ye-SOA ngentshisekelo yokuphromotha ukuphila kwebhethri okwengeziwe.

Amaseli e-lithium-ion anemikhawulo yamanje ehlukile yokushaja kuneyokushajwa, futhi zombili izindlela zingakwazi ukusingatha imisinga ephakeme kakhulu, nakuba isikhathi esifushane.Abakhiqizi bamaseli ebhethri ngokuvamile bacacisa umkhawulo wamanje wokushaja oqhubekayo nokukhipha, kanye nemikhawulo yamanje yokushaja nokukhipha.I-BMS enikeza ukuvikeleka kwamanje izosebenzisa umkhawulo wamanje oqhubekayo.Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungase kwandulelwe ukulandisa ngokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezimo zomthwalo;isibonelo, ukusheshisa kwemoto kagesi kungazelelwe.I-BMS ingase ihlanganise ukuqapha kwamanje okuphezulu ngokuhlanganisa isikhathi samanje nesangemuva kwe-delta, inqume ukunciphisa okwamanje okutholakalayo noma ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwephekhi ngokuphelele.Lokhu kuvumela i-BMS ukuthi ibe nokuzwela cishe ngokushesha eziqongweni zamanje ezidlulele, njengesimo sesifunda esifushane esingadonsi ukunaka kwanoma yimaphi ama-fuse ahlala khona, kodwa futhi ixolele ezimweni eziphakeme kakhulu, inqobo nje uma zingeqisi kakhulu. eside.

Ukuvikelwa Kokulawulwa Kogesi: Amandla kagesi

Umfanekiso wesi-2 ubonisa ukuthi iseli ye-lithium-ion kufanele isebenze phakathi kwebanga elithile lamandla kagesi.Le mingcele ye-SOA ekugcineni izonqunywa i-chemistry yangaphakathi yeseli ekhethiwe ye-lithium-ion kanye nezinga lokushisa lamaseli nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba noma yiliphi iphekhi yebhethri lihlangabezana nenani elibalulekile lokuhamba ngebhayisikili kwamanje, ukushajwa ngenxa yezidingo zokulayisha nokushajwa okuvela emithonjeni yamandla ehlukahlukene, le mikhawulo yamandla kagesi e-SOA ivamise ukuboshelwa ngokwengeziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe isikhathi sebhethri.I-BMS kufanele yazi ukuthi iyini le mikhawulo futhi izoyala izinqumo ezisuselwe ekubeni seduze kwale mikhawulo.Isibonelo, lapho usondela emkhawulweni wamandla kagesi aphezulu, i-BMS ingase icele ukuncishiswa kancane kancane kwamandla wokushaja, noma ingase icele ukuthi amandla okushaja anqanyulwe ngokuphelele uma umkhawulo ufinyelelwe.Kodwa-ke, lo mkhawulo uvame ukuhambisana nokucatshangelwa okwengeziwe kwe-voltage hysteresis yangaphakathi ukuvimbela ingxoxo yokulawula mayelana nomkhawulo wokuvala.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho usondela emkhawulweni we-voltage ophansi, i-BMS izocela ukuthi imithwalo eyingozi esebenzayo yehlise izimfuno zayo zamanje.Endabeni yemoto kagesi, lokhu kungenziwa ngokunciphisa i-torque evunyelwe etholakala kumotho wokudonsa.Kunjalo, i-BMS kumele yenze ukunakekelwa kokuphepha komshayeli kube yinto ehamba phambili ngenkathi ivikela iphakethe lebhethri ukuze ivimbele ukulimala okungapheli.

Ukuvikelwa Kokulawulwa Kwezishisayo: Izinga lokushisa

Ngokwevelu yobuso, kungase kubonakale sengathi amaseli e-lithium-ion anebanga elibanzi lokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa, kodwa umthamo webhethri usuwonke uyancipha kumazinga okushisa aphansi ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokusabela kwamakhemikhali lehla ngokuphawulekayo.Ngokuphathelene nekhono emazingeni okushisa aphansi, benza kangcono kakhulu kunamabhethri e-lead-acid noma i-NiMh;Nokho, ukulawula izinga lokushisa kubalulekile ngobuhlakani njengoba ukushaja ngaphansi kuka-0 °C (32 °F) kuyinkinga ngokomzimba.Isenzeko sokucwecwa kwe-metallic lithium kungenzeka ku-anode ngesikhathi sokushajwa okungaphansi kweqhwa.Lokhu ukulimala okungapheli futhi akuphumeleli nje kuphela ekunciphiseni umthamo, kodwa amaseli asengozini yokwehluleka uma engaphansi kokudlidliza noma ezinye izimo ezicindezelayo.I-BMS ingakwazi ukulawula izinga lokushisa lephakethe lebhethri ngokushisisa nokupholisa.

Ukuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa okufinyelelekile kuncike ngokuphelele kusayizi nezindleko zephakethe lebhethri nezinjongo zokusebenza, imibandela yokuklama ye-BMS, neyunithi yomkhiqizo, okungase kuhlanganise ukucatshangwa kwesifunda sendawo okuhlosiwe (isb., i-Alaska uma iqhathaniswa neHawaii).Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-heater, ngokuvamile kusebenza kangcono kakhulu ukudonsa amandla emthonjeni wamandla we-AC wangaphandle, noma elinye ibhethri elihlala endaweni elihloselwe ukusebenzisa i-heater lapho kudingeka.Kodwa-ke, uma isifudumezi sikagesi sinokudonsa kwamanje okunesizotha, amandla asuka kuphakethe lebhethri eliyisisekelo angashuthwa ukuze azifudumeze ngokwawo.Uma kusetshenziswa i-thermal hydraulic system, khona-ke i-heater kagesi isetshenziselwa ukushisisa isipholile esimpontshwa futhi sisatshalaliswe kulo lonke ukuhlanganiswa kwephakethe.

Onjiniyela bokuklama be-BMS ngokungangabazeki banamaqhinga ohwebo lwabo lokuklama ukuze bafake amandla okushisa ephaketheni.Isibonelo, ama-electronics ahlukahlukene angaphakathi kwe-BMS anikezelwe ekuphathweni kwamandla angavulwa.Nakuba kungasebenzi kahle njengokushisisa okuqondile, kungasetshenziswa noma ngabe yikuphi.Ukupholisa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze unciphise ukulahleka kokusebenza kwephakethe lebhethri le-lithium-ion.Isibonelo, mhlawumbe ibhethri elinikeziwe lisebenza kahle kakhulu ku-20°C;uma izinga lokushisa lephakethe lenyuka libe ngu-30°C, ukusebenza kahle kwalo kungancishiswa kuze kufike ku-20%.Uma iphekhi ishajwa ngokuqhubekayo futhi ishajwa kabusha ngo-45°C (113°F), ukulahlekelwa kokusebenza kungakhuphukela ku-50%.Impilo yebhethri ingase futhi ihlupheke ngenxa yokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokuwohloka uma ihlale ivezwa ekukhiqizeni ukushisa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi nemijikelezo yokushaja nokukhipha.Ukupholisa kuvame ukufezwa ngezindlela ezimbili, i-passive noma esebenzayo, futhi zombili izindlela zingase zisetshenziswe.Ukupholisa okwenziwayo kuncike ekuhambeni kokugeleza komoya ukupholisa ibhethri.Uma kuyimoto esebenza ngogesi, lokhu kusho ukuthi imane ihamba emgwaqeni.Nokho, ingase ibe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho ebonakala, njengoba izinzwa zesivinini somoya zingahlanganiswa namadamu omoya aguquguqukayo ngokwesu ukuze kwandiswe ukugeleza komoya.Ukusetshenziswa kwefeni elawulwa izinga lokushisa esebenzayo kungasiza ngesivinini esiphansi noma lapho imoto ima, kodwa konke lokhu ongakwenza nje ukulinganisa iphekhi nezinga lokushisa elizungezile.Esimeni sosuku olushisayo, lokhu kungase kwenyuse izinga lokushisa lephakethe lokuqala.Ukupholisa okusebenzayo kwe-thermal hydraulic kungaklanywa njengohlelo oluhambisanayo, futhi ngokuvamile kusebenzisa i-ethylene-glycol coolant enesilinganiso esinqunyiwe sengxube, esisakazwa ngepompo eqhutshwa yinjini kagesi ngamapayipi/amahosi, ukuphindaphindeka kokusabalalisa, isishintshi sokushisa esigelezayo (radiator) , kanye nesihlali sepuleti lokupholisa ngokumelene nokuhlanganiswa kwephakethe lebhethri.I-BMS iqapha amazinga okushisa kulo lonke iphekhi, iphinde ivule futhi ivale amavalvu ahlukahlukene ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa lebhethri lilonke ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elincane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri.

Ukuphathwa Kwekhono

Ukukhulisa umthamo wephekhi yebhethri ngokungangabazeki ngesinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusebenza kwebhethri ezihlinzekwa yi-BMS.Uma lokhu kulungiswa kungenziwanga, iphakethe lebhethri lingase ligcine lingasebenzi.Umsuka wenkinga ukuthi “isitaki” sebhethri “isitaki” (uchungechunge lwamaseli) alulingani ngokuphelele futhi ngokwangaphakathi sinezilinganiso zokuvuza ezihluke kancane noma zokuzikhulula.Ukuvuza akusona isici somkhiqizi kodwa isici sekhemistri yebhethri, nakuba kungase kuthinteke ngokwezibalo kusukela ekuhlukeni kwenqubo yokukhiqiza emaminithi.Ekuqaleni iphakethe lebhethri lingase libe namaseli ameshaniswe kahle, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukufana kweseli neseli kuyehla nakakhulu, hhayi nje ngenxa yokuzikhipha, kodwa futhi kuthinteke ekushajelweni/ukukhipha amabhayisikili, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, nokuguga kwekhalenda evamile.Ngokuqonda lokho, khumbula ngaphambili ingxoxo yokuthi amaseli e-lithium-ion enza kahle kakhulu, kodwa angaba angathetheleli uma esebenza ngaphandle kwe-SOA eqinile.Sifunde ngaphambilini mayelana nokuvikelwa kukagesi okudingekayo ngoba amaseli e-lithium-ion awasebenzi kahle ngokushaja ngokweqile.Uma sezishajwe ngokugcwele, azikwazi ukwamukela noma yimaphi amandla amanje, futhi noma imaphi amandla engeziwe aphushwa kuwo ashintshelwa ekushiseni, amandla kagesi akhuphuke ngokushesha, mhlawumbe aye kumazinga ayingozi.Akusona isimo esinempilo seseli futhi singabangela umonakalo unomphela kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezingaphephile uma siqhubeka.

Uchungechunge lwamaseli ochungechunge lwephakethe lebhethri yilo elinquma umthamo wephekhi yonkana, futhi ukungafani phakathi kwamaseli aseduze kudala inkinga lapho uzama ukushaja noma yisiphi isitaki.Umfanekiso wesi-3 ubonisa ukuthi kungani kunjalo.Uma umuntu enesethi yamaseli alinganisela kahle, konke kuhamba kahle njengoba ngalinye lizoshaja ngendlela elinganayo, futhi amandla okushaja anganqanyulwa lapho umkhawulo ongaphezulu wokunqanyulwa kagesi ongu-4.0 ufinyelelwa.Kodwa-ke, esimeni esingalingani, iseli eliphezulu lizofinyelela umkhawulo walo wokushaja kusenesikhathi, futhi amandla okushaja adinga ukunqanyulwa emlenzeni ngaphambi kokuba amanye amaseli angaphansi ashajwe agcwale umthamo.

I-BMS iyona engenela futhi yonga usuku, noma iphakethe lebhethri kulokhu.Ukuze ubonise ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani, incazelo eyinhloko idinga ukuchazwa.Isimo sokushaja (i-SOC) seseli noma imojuli ngesikhathi esithile silingana nenkokhiso etholakalayo uma iqhathaniswa nenani eliphelele lapho ishajwe ngokugcwele.Ngakho, ibhethri elihlala ku-50% SOC lisho ukuthi lishajwe ngo-50%, okufana nenani legeji likaphethiloli lokufaneleka.Ukuphathwa kwamandla e-BMS kumayelana nokulinganisa ukuhluka kwe-SOC kuso sonke isitaki ekuhlanganisweni kwephakethe.Njengoba i-SOC ingelona inani elilinganiseka ngokuqondile, lingalinganiswa ngamasu ahlukahlukene, futhi uhlelo lokulinganisa ngokwalo ngokuvamile luwela ezigabeni ezimbili eziyinhloko, ukungenzi lutho kanye nokusebenzayo.Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezindikimba, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunobuhle nobubi.Kukunjiniyela wokuklama we-BMS ukuthi anqume ukuthi iliphi elifanele iphakethe lebhethri elinikeziwe kanye nokusebenza kwalo.Ukulinganisa okwenziwayo kulula kakhulu ukukusebenzisa, kanye nokuchaza umqondo wokulinganisa ojwayelekile.Indlela yokwenziwa ivumela iseli ngalinye kusitaki ukuthi libe nomthamo wokushajwa ofanayo njengeseli elibuthaka kakhulu.Isebenzisa amandla amanje aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, ivala inani elincane lamandla kusuka kumaseli aphezulu e-SOC phakathi nomjikelezo wokushaja ukuze wonke amaseli ashaje ku-SOC yawo ephezulu.Umfanekiso wesi-4 ukhombisa ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani yi-BMS.Iqapha iseli ngalinye futhi isebenzise iswishi ye-transistor kanye ne-resistor yokukhipha engusayizi ofanele ngokuhambisana neseli ngalinye.Uma i-BMS izwa ukuthi iseli elinikeziwe lisondela emkhawulweni wayo wokushaja, izoqondisa amandla adlulele ilizungeze iye kuseli elilandelayo ngezansi ngendlela eya phezulu.

Amaphoyinti okugcina enqubo yokulinganisa, ngaphambi nangemuva, aboniswa kuMfanekiso 5. Kafushane, i-BMS ibhalansisa isitaki sebhethri ngokuvumela iseli noma imojula kusitaki ukuthi ibone amandla okushaja ahlukile kunamanje ephaketheni ngendlela eyodwa kwezilandelayo:

• Ukususwa kwenkokhiso kumaseli ashajwe kakhulu, okunikeza indawo enkulu yokushaja kwamanje ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushajwa, futhi kuvumela amaseli ashajwe kancane ukuthi athole ukushaja kwamanje.
• Ukuqondisa kabusha kwamanye noma cishe wonke amandla okushaja eduze kwamaseli ashajwe kakhulu, lokho kuvumela amaseli ashajwe kancane ukuthi athole amandla okushaja isikhathi eside.

Izinhlobo Zezinhlelo Zokuphatha Ibhethri

Amasistimu okuphatha amabhethri asukela kokulula kuye kokuyinkimbinkimbi futhi angamukela inhlobonhlobo yobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene ukuze afeze iziyalezo zawo eziyinhloko “zokunakekela ibhethri.”Kodwa-ke, lawa masistimu angahlukaniswa ngokuya nge-topology yawo, okuhlobene nendlela afakwa futhi asebenza ngayo kumaseli noma amamojula kulo lonke iphakethe lebhethri.

I-Centralized BMS Architecture

Ine-BMS eyodwa emaphakathi ekuhlanganiseni kwephakethe lebhethri.Wonke amaphakheji ebhethri axhunywe ku-BMS emaphakathi ngqo.Ukwakheka kwe-BMS emaphakathi kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 6. I-BMS esendaweni eyodwa inezinzuzo ezithile.Ihlangene kakhulu, futhi ithanda ukonga kakhulu njengoba kune-BMS eyodwa kuphela.Nokho, kukhona ukungalungi kwe-BMS emaphakathi.Njengoba wonke amabhethri exhunywe ku-BMS ngqo, i-BMS idinga izimbobo eziningi ukuze ixhume nawo wonke amaphakheji ebhethri.Lokhu kuhumusha izintambo eziningi, ikhebula, izixhumi, njll. emaphaketheni amakhulu ebhethri, okwenza kube nzima kokubili ukuxazulula inkinga nokulungiswa.

I-Modular BMS Topology

Ngokufanayo nokuqaliswa okuphakathi nendawo, i-BMS ihlukaniswe yaba amamojula amaningana ayimpinda, ngalinye linenqwaba yezintambo ezinikelwe kanye nokuxhumana nengxenye eyabelwe eseduze yesitaki sebhethri.Bheka Umfanekiso 7. Kwezinye izimo, lawa ma-submodule e-BMS angase ahlale ngaphansi kokwengamela okuyinhloko kwemojuli ye-BMS umsebenzi wayo uwukuqapha isimo samamojula amancane kanye nokuxhumana nezinto ezisetshenziswayo eziseceleni.Ngenxa yemoduli eyimpinda, ukuxazulula inkinga nokugcinwa kulula, futhi ukunwetshwa kwamaphakethe amabhethri amakhulu kuqondile.Okubi ukuthi izindleko zizonke ziphakeme kancane, futhi kungase kube nokusebenza okuphindwe kabili okungasetshenzisiwe kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza.

I-BMS eyinhloko/engaphansi

Ngomqondo ofana ne-modular topology, nokho, kulokhu, izigqila zikhawulelwe kakhulu ekudluliseleni ulwazi lokulinganisa, futhi inkosi izinikele ekubalweni nasekulawuleni, kanye nokuxhumana kwangaphandle.Ngakho-ke, nakuba njengezinhlobo ze-modular, izindleko zingase zibe phansi njengoba ukusebenza kwezigqila kuvame ukuba lula, okungenzeka kube ne-overhead encane kanye nezici ezimbalwa ezingasetshenzisiwe.

I-BMS Architecture esabalalisiwe

Ihluke kakhulu kwamanye ama-topology, lapho i-elekthronikhi nesofthiwe ihlanganiswe kumamojula axhuma kumaseli ngenqwaba yezintambo ezinamathiselwe.I-BMS esabalalisiwe ihlanganisa yonke ihadiwe ye-elekthronikhi ebhodini lokulawula elibekwe ngqo kuseli noma imojuli egadiwe.Lokhu kunciphisa inqwaba yekhebula ezintanjeni zezinzwa ezimbalwa nezintambo zokuxhumana phakathi kwamamojula e-BMS aseduze.Ngenxa yalokho, i-BMS ngayinye izimele, futhi isingatha ukubala nokuxhumana njengoba kudingeka.Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalokhu kubonakala kulula, leli fomu elihlanganisiwe lenza ukuxazulula izinkinga nokugcinwa kube yinkinga, njengoba lihlala ekujuleni komhlangano wemojula yesihlangu.Izindleko nazo zivame ukuba phezulu njengoba kunama-BMS amaningi esakhiweni sephakethe lebhethri iyonke.

Ukubaluleka Kwezinhlelo Zokuphatha Ibhethri

Ukuphepha okusebenzayo kubaluleke kakhulu ku-BMS.Kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha ukusebenza, ukuvimbela i-voltage, yamanje, kanye nezinga lokushisa kwanoma iyiphi iseli noma imojula ngaphansi kokulawulwa kokuqondisa ekudluleleni kwemingcele echaziwe ye-SOA.Uma imikhawulo yeqiwa isikhathi eside, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ibhethri elibizayo elibizayo lisengozini kuphela, kodwa kungase kulandele izimo eziyingozi zokubaleka kokushisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhawulo ephansi ye-voltage threshold nayo igadwa ngokuqinile ukuze kuvikelwe amaseli e-lithium-ion kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza.Uma ibhethri le-Li-ion lihlala kulesi simo se-voltage ephansi, ama-copper dendrites angase agcine ekhule ku-anode, okungase kuphumele emazingeni aphakeme okuzikhipha ngokwawo futhi kuphakamise ukukhathazeka okungenzeka kube nokuphepha.Ukuminyana okuphezulu kwamandla wesistimu ye-lithium-ion powered kuza ngentengo eshiya isikhala esincane sephutha lokuphatha ibhethri.Ngenxa yama-BMS, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-lithium-ion, lena enye yezindawo zamakhemikhali zamabhethri eziphumelela kakhulu futhi eziphephile ezitholakala namuhla.

Ukusebenza kwephakethe lebhethri isici esilandelayo esibalulekile esibalulekile se-BMS, futhi lokhu kubandakanya ukuphathwa kukagesi nokushisayo.Ukuze uthuthukise ngogesi umthamo webhethri lilonke, wonke amaseli kuphakethe adingeka ukuthi abhalansile, okusho ukuthi i-SOC yamaseli aseduze kuyo yonke inhlangano cishe ayalingana.Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba akukwazi ukubonakala kuphela umthamo ophelele webhethri, kodwa kusiza ukuvimbela ukuwohloka okuvamile futhi kunciphisa izindawo ezingaba khona ekushajweni kwamaseli abuthakathaka.Amabhethri e-lithium-ion kufanele agweme ukukhipha ngaphansi kwemikhawulo yamandla kagesi aphansi, njengoba lokhu kungase kuphumele emiphumeleni yenkumbulo nokulahlekelwa umthamo omkhulu.Izinqubo ze-Electrochemical zingenwa kalula izinga lokushisa, namabhethri nawo anjalo.Uma izinga lokushisa lemvelo lehla, umthamo namandla ebhethri atholakalayo ayacisha kakhulu.Ngenxa yalokho, i-BMS ingase isebenzise iheater yangaphandle engaphakathi kwelayini ehlala, sisho, isistimu yokupholisa uketshezi yephakethe lebhethri lemoto kagesi, noma amapuleti okushisa ahlala afakwa ngaphansi kwamamojula ephakethe afakwe ngaphakathi kwendiza enophephela emhlane noma enye. indiza.Ukwengeza, njengoba ukushajwa kwamaseli e-lithium-ion abandayo kuyingozi ekusebenzeni kwebhethri, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale ukhuphule izinga lokushisa lebhethri ngokwanele.Amaseli amaningi e-lithium-ion awakwazi ukushajwa ngokushesha lapho engaphansi kuka-5°C futhi akufanele ashajwe nhlobo lapho engaphansi kuka-0°C.Ukuze usebenze kahle kakhulu phakathi nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kokusebenza, ukuphathwa okushisayo kwe-BMS kuvame ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri lisebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza ye-Goldilocks encane (isb. 30 – 35°C).Lokhu kuvikela ukusebenza, kukhuthaza impilo ende, futhi kukhuthaza iphekhi yebhethri enempilo, ethembekile.

Izinzuzo Zezinhlelo Zokuphatha Ibhethri

Lonke isistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-BESS, ingakhiwa amashumi, amakhulu, noma izinkulungwane zamaseli e-lithium-ion ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngokwecebo, kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza.Lezi zinhlelo zingase zibe nesilinganiso sikagesi esingaphansi kuka-100V, kodwa singase sibe phezulu njengo-800V, nama-currents okunikezwa kwephakethe asukela phezulu njengo-300A noma ngaphezulu.Noma yikuphi ukuphathwa kabi kwephakethe lamandla kagesi aphezulu kungase kubangele inhlekelele esongela ukuphila, eyingozi.Ngakho-ke, ama-BMS abaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile.Izinzuzo zama-BMS zingafingqwa ngale ndlela elandelayo.

• Ukuphepha Okusebenzayo.Izandla zibheke phansi, ngefomethi enkulu yamaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium-ion, lokhu kuhlakaniphe kakhulu futhi kubalulekile.Kodwa ngisho namafomethi amancane asetshenziswa, yithi, kuma-laptops, aziwa ngokubamba umlilo futhi abangele umonakalo omkhulu.Ukuphepha komuntu siqu kwabasebenzisi bemikhiqizo ehlanganisa amasistimu e-lithium-ion powered kushiya isikhala esincane sephutha lokuphatha ibhethri.
• Isikhathi Sokuphila Nokwethenjelwa.Ukuphathwa kokuvikela iphakethe lebhethri, ugesi kanye ne-thermal, kuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amaseli asetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwezidingo ezimenyezelwe ze-SOA.Lokhu kuqondisa okuqinile kuqinisekisa ukuthi amaseli ayanakekelwa ngokumelene nokusetshenziswa okunamandla nokushaja okusheshayo nokukhipha amabhayisikili, futhi nakanjani kuphumela kusistimu ezinzile okungenzeka inikeze iminyaka eminingi yesevisi ethembekile.
• Ukusebenza Nobubanzi.Ukuphathwa komthamo wephakethe lebhethri le-BMS, lapho kusetshenziswa ukulinganisa kweseli-to-cell ukulinganisa i-SOC yamaseli aseduze kuyo yonke inhlangano yephekhi, kuvumela umthamo webhethri omkhulu ukuthi ubonakale.Ngaphandle kwalesi sici se-BMS ukulandisa ngokuhlukahluka kokuzikhipha, ukushaja/ukukhulula ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, imiphumela yezinga lokushisa, nokuguga okuvamile, iphekhi yebhethri ingase igcine ingasebenzi.
• Ukuxilongwa, Ukuqoqwa Kwedatha, Nokuxhumana Kwangaphandle.Imisebenzi yokwengamela ihlanganisa ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwawo wonke amaseli ebhethri, lapho ukungena kwedatha kungasetshenziswa kona ngokwako ukuze kuxilongwe, kodwa ngokuvamile kuhloselwe umsebenzi wokubala ukulinganisa i-SOC yawo wonke amaseli ekuhlanganiseni.Lolu lwazi lusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ama-algorithms, kodwa uma seluhlangene lungadluliselwa kumadivayisi angaphandle nezibonisi ukuze kuboniswe amandla ahlala khona atholakalayo, ukulinganisa ibanga elilindelekile noma ububanzi/isikhathi sokuphila ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamanje, nokuhlinzeka ngesimo sempilo sephakethe lebhethri.
• Izindleko kanye Nokwehliswa Kwesiqinisekiso.Ukwethulwa kwe-BMS ku-BESS kwengeza izindleko, futhi amaphakethe ebhethri ayabiza futhi angaba yingozi.Uma uhlelo luba lukhuni kakhulu, ziyaphakama izidingo zokuphepha, okuholela esidingweni sokuba khona okwengeziwe kokwengamela kwe-BMS.Kodwa ukuvikelwa nokugcinwa kokuvikela kwe-BMS mayelana nokuphepha kokusebenza, ubude besikhathi sokuphila nokuthembeka, ukusebenza nobubanzi, ukuxilonga, njll. kuqinisekisa ukuthi izokwehlisa izindleko zizonke, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezihlobene newaranti.

Amasistimu Wokuphatha Ibhethri nama-Synopsy

Ukulingisa kuwumlingani obalulekile wedizayini ye-BMS, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa ekuhloleni nasekuxazululeni izinselele zedizayini ngaphakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, ukwenza i-prototyping, nokuhlola.Ngemodeli yeseli ye-lithium-ion enembile edlalwayo, imodeli yokulingisa yokwakheka kwe-BMS iwuphawu olusebenzisekayo olubonwa njengesibonelo esibonakalayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulingisa kuvumela ukuphenywa okungenabuhlungu kwezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi yokwengamela ye-BMS ngokumelene nezimo ezihlukene zokusebenza kwebhethri kanye nemvelo.Izinkinga zokusetshenziswa zingatholwa futhi ziphenywe kusenesikhathi kakhulu, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza nokuphepha kokusebenza ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kumfuziselo wehadiwe yangempela.Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa futhi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-prototype yokuqala yehadiwe izoba namandla.Ukwengeza, izivivinyo eziningi zokuqinisekisa, okuhlanganisa izimo ezimbi kakhulu, kungenziwa nge-BMS nephakethe lebhethri lapho kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokusebenza zesistimu egxilile ngokomzimba.

I-Synopsys SaberRDinikezela ngemitapo yolwazi ebanzi kagesi, yedijithali, yokulawula, neyemodeli ye-hydraulic eshisayo ukuze inikeze amandla onjiniyela abathanda i-BMS nokwakhiwa kwephakethe lebhethri.Amathuluzi ayatholakala ukuze kukhiqizwe amamodeli ngokushesha kusuka kumininingwane yedatha eyisisekelo namajika okulinganisa kumadivayisi amaningi kagesi kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zekhemistri yebhethri.Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo, ingcindezi, kanye namaphutha ukuqinisekiswa kwezimvume kuyo yonke imikhakha yesifunda sokusebenza, okuhlanganisa nezindawo zemingcele, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka okuphelele kwe-BMS.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibonelo eziningi zokuklama zinikezwa ukuze abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuqala iphrojekthi futhi bafinyelele ngokushesha izimpendulo ezidingekayo ekulingiseni.